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B1

Phrasal Verbs

818 phrasal verbs at this level

Intermediate phrasal verbs for confident everyday communication.

back down

To withdraw from a position, argument, or confrontation; to stop insisting on something.

back off

To stop pressuring someone, to move away from something, or to reduce an aggressive or intense approach.

call off

To cancel a planned event, activity, or course of action.

call up

To telephone someone, to conscript someone for military service, or to retrieve stored data or memories.

call on

To ask or invite someone to do something, or to pay a visit to someone.

call for

To publicly demand something, to require or make necessary, or to collect someone from a place.

call out

To shout something; to publicly challenge or criticise someone; or to summon someone to a scene.

check up on

To investigate or monitor someone or something to ensure they are behaving correctly or everything is in order.

come up with

To produce, think of, or find something needed, such as an idea, plan, answer, or money.

come across

To find or encounter something or someone by chance; or to make a particular impression on others.

count on

To trust that someone or something will help or behave in an expected way.

cut out

To remove something by cutting; to stop doing something; for an engine or machine to stop working suddenly; or to be naturally suited for so

cut back

To reduce the amount, size, or extent of something, especially spending or activity; also to prune a plant.

do over

To do something again, usually because it was done wrong the first time.

do away with

To abolish, eliminate, or get rid of something permanently; informally, to kill someone.

drop out

To withdraw from a course, competition, organisation, or conventional lifestyle before completion.

fall apart

To break into pieces or collapse completely, physically or figuratively.

fall behind

To fail to keep up with others or with a schedule; to make less progress than expected.

fall for

To become romantically attracted to someone, or to be deceived by a trick or lie.

fall out

To drop or detach from a container, or to have a disagreement that damages a relationship.

figure out

To understand or solve something through thinking and reasoning.

fill in

To complete missing information on a form, to substitute for someone temporarily, or to inform someone of facts they missed.

give in

To stop resisting and accept something, or to submit work or a document to someone.

give out

To distribute something to a group of people, to stop working or functioning, or to come to an end.

go off

To make a sudden loud noise, to stop liking something, to explode, or for food to become rotten.

hand over

To give control, possession, or custody of something to another person or authority.

kick out

To forcefully remove someone from a place, group, or position.

look into

To investigate or examine something carefully in order to find out more about it.

look over

To examine or review something fairly quickly, often to check for problems.

look down on

To regard someone or something as inferior, unimportant, or beneath you socially, morally, or intellectually.

look up to

To admire and respect someone, often wanting to be like them.

make out

To see, hear, or understand something with difficulty; to claim something is true; to kiss and caress romantically; or to write a cheque/for

pass on

To transmit something to another person, to decline an offer, or (as a euphemism) to die.

pull out

To remove something or someone from a place, or to withdraw from an activity, agreement, or location.

pull off

To succeed in doing something difficult or unexpected, or to remove something by pulling.

pull through

To survive or recover from a serious illness, difficulty, or crisis.

put down

To place something on a surface; to criticise or humiliate someone; to end an animal's life humanely; or to suppress a rebellion.

run into

To meet someone by chance, to collide with something, or to encounter a problem

run over

To drive a vehicle over a person or thing, to review something quickly, or to exceed a time limit

set off

To begin a journey, to cause something to activate or explode, or to cause a reaction in someone or something.

set out

To begin a journey or task with a clear purpose, or to arrange and display things, or to explain something clearly.

set back

To delay progress or development, or to cost someone a specified amount of money.

account for

To explain something, to be responsible for it, or to represent a particular proportion of a total.

act on

To take action based on information, advice, or instructions received.

act out

To perform or dramatise a situation, or to express emotions through behaviour rather than words.

act up

To behave badly or in a difficult way, or (of a machine or body part) to stop working properly.

add up to

To result in a particular total or to represent a particular meaning or significance.

aim at

To direct a weapon, camera, or effort toward a target, or to design something for a specific group.

allow for

To include extra time, money, or space in a plan to deal with something that might happen.

answer back

To reply rudely or cheekily to someone in authority, especially a parent or teacher.

answer to

To be accountable to someone, or to respond to a particular name or description.

ask after

To ask about someone's health, wellbeing, or news, usually as a polite social gesture.

ask back

To invite someone to come back to your home or a place after they have left, or to invite someone in return after they have invited you.

ask for it

To behave in a way that makes something bad or negative very likely to happen to you.

attend to

To give care, attention, or service to someone or something.

auction off

To sell something by holding an auction, where buyers bid and the highest bidder wins.

average out

To result in a middle or balanced figure when all values are considered together.

back away

To move backwards away from someone or something, or to withdraw from a position or commitment.

back out

To withdraw from a commitment, agreement, or plan, especially after promising to take part.

bail out

To rescue someone from trouble, or to escape from a difficult or dangerous situation.

bake up

To bake a batch or supply of something, or to prepare baked goods for a specific occasion.

balance out

When two opposing things or forces become equal, or when something compensates for something else.

band together

To come together as a group in order to achieve a common goal or oppose something.

bang about

To move around noisily, making loud banging or crashing sounds.

bang around

To move around a place making loud banging or crashing sounds; also used to mean knocking something repeatedly.

bang into

To collide or knock hard against a person or object accidentally.

bang on

To talk at length about something in a tedious or repetitive way; also used informally to mean exactly correct.

bang up

To damage something or someone through impact; in British slang, to imprison; used as an adjective meaning excellent.

bank on

To rely confidently on something happening or someone doing something.

bargain for

To expect or anticipate something; to negotiate in order to obtain something.

barge in

To enter or interrupt suddenly and rudely, without being invited.

barge into

To enter a place or collide with someone forcefully and without care; to interrupt something intrusively.

base upon

To use something as the foundation or grounds for something else (formal variant of 'base on').

bash in

To break or dent something by hitting it hard; to smash inward.

bash up

To attack and injure someone physically; to damage something through hitting.

bat around

To discuss ideas casually and informally; to knock something back and forth.

bat away

To deflect, dismiss, or push something aside with a batting movement; to ward off questions or criticism.

batch up

To collect or organize items into groups or batches for processing or handling together.

bat in

To score a run or point by batting in a sport, or (informally) to contribute to a discussion or score.

batter up

A baseball call announcing that the next batter should come to the plate; broadly, a call to get ready for action.

battle it out

To compete or struggle intensely against an opponent until one side wins.

bawl out

To scold or reprimand someone loudly and angrily; or to shout or cry very loudly.

bear with

To be patient with someone or something; to tolerate a temporary inconvenience while waiting.

beat down

To shine or fall intensely (of sun or rain); to defeat or suppress someone forcefully; or to negotiate a lower price.

beat up on

To physically attack or harshly criticize someone, especially a weaker or easier target.

become of

To happen to someone or something, especially over time; used to ask about a person's fate or outcome.

be down with

To be ill with a particular sickness; or in informal slang, to approve of or be enthusiastic about something.

be in for

To be about to experience something, usually something unpleasant or surprising and unavoidable.

belt up

Chiefly British: to stop talking and be quiet, or to fasten one's seatbelt.

be on at

To repeatedly pester or nag someone about something.

be on to

To have discovered something important, to suspect someone, or to be in contact with someone.

be onto

To have recognised or discovered something, or to have realised what someone is doing.

bite down

To press the teeth or jaws together firmly, often on something.

bite off

To sever something with the teeth; or figuratively, to take on more than one can handle.

black out

To lose consciousness or memory; to extinguish all lights; to censor by covering with black; or to suffer a total power failure.

blast off

Of a rocket or spacecraft: to leave the ground with explosive propulsion; figuratively, to start something with great energy.

blend in

To become part of a surrounding environment without being noticed; or, in cooking, to mix an ingredient smoothly into a mixture.

blend up

To process food or drink ingredients in a blender until they form a smooth, uniform mixture.

blurt out

To say something suddenly and without thinking, often revealing something you did not mean to.

board up

To cover windows, doors, or openings with wooden boards, usually to secure an empty or damaged building.

boil away

To disappear as steam or vapour through continued boiling, or to continue boiling steadily.

boil down

To reduce a liquid by boiling, making it more concentrated; or (figuratively) to reduce something to its most essential point.

boil up

To heat a liquid until it boils vigorously; or (figuratively) for a feeling or situation to intensify rapidly.

bolt down

To fasten something firmly to a surface with bolts; or to eat or drink something very quickly.

book in

To register on arrival at a hotel, or to arrange a reservation for someone in advance.

book into

To make a reservation at or register upon arrival at a specific place, such as a hotel or clinic.

book up

To have all available reservations or appointments taken; fully reserved.

boss around

To tell people what to do in a domineering, controlling way, especially without proper authority.

bounce around

To move energetically from place to place, or to discuss ideas informally without reaching a conclusion.

bounce back

To recover quickly and successfully after a difficult period or setback.

bounce in

To enter a place with a lot of energy and enthusiasm.

bounce off

To rebound from a surface, or to share ideas with someone to get their reaction.

bow down

To bend the body forward as a sign of respect or worship, or to submit to someone's power.

brag on

To talk proudly and enthusiastically about someone or something, often excessively.

branch off

To diverge from a main path, road, or topic and go in a different direction.

branch out

To expand into new areas of activity, interest, or business beyond what you currently do.

bring together

To unite people, groups, or ideas that were previously separate or in conflict.

bring up to

To raise or improve something until it reaches a required or desired level or standard.

brown up

To become or make something browned or golden in colour, typically through cooking.

bruise up

To cover someone or something with bruises, or to become badly bruised.

brush away

To remove something with a light sweeping motion, or to dismiss a feeling or memory as if it could be physically swept away.

brush by

To pass very close to someone or something, usually making light physical contact.

brush down

To clean or groom something by brushing it downward, typically clothing or an animal's coat.

brush off

To dismiss someone or something in a curt, dismissive way, or to remove something from a surface by brushing.

brush out

To remove something by brushing, or to untangle and smooth hair using a brush.

brush past

To move past someone quickly, making brief, light physical contact.

brush up

To revise or practise a skill or area of knowledge in order to regain or improve your ability in it.

bucket down

To rain very heavily and continuously.

buckle down

To start working seriously and with full focus on a task.

buddy up

To form a pair with someone, either for safety, social, or practical reasons.

buff out

To remove a scratch, mark, or dent from a surface by polishing or rubbing it with a buffing tool.

buff up

To polish something to make it shine, or to develop a noticeably muscular physique.

build on

To use something as a foundation or starting point for further development or achievement.

build up

To gradually increase, accumulate, or strengthen something over time.

build upon

To use something as a foundation for further development or improvement (more formal variant of 'build on').

burst in

To enter a place suddenly and without warning, often interrupting something.

burst into

To suddenly begin doing something or to suddenly enter a state or place.

burst out

To suddenly say something or begin an activity, especially a strong emotional reaction.

butt in

To rudely interrupt a conversation or interfere in a situation that does not concern you.

button up

To fasten the buttons on a garment; also (informal) to stop talking or keep something secret.

buzz about

To move around busily and energetically, or for rumours and excitement to circulate widely.

buzz off

An informal, rude way of telling someone to leave or stop bothering you.

buzz up

To contact someone on an upper floor via intercom, or to make someone feel energetic and excited.

cable up

To connect equipment, a building, or a system using cables.

call away

To require or summon someone to leave what they are doing and go to another place or task.

call in

To phone a workplace, radio station, or organisation; to summon someone for help; or to visit briefly.

call over

To attract someone's attention and ask them to come to where you are.

call round

British English: to visit someone at their home, usually briefly; or to phone a number of people in turn.

cancel out

For two things to neutralize each other so that neither has any effect, or to eliminate something by balancing it with an opposing force.

care for

To tend to someone's physical or emotional needs, or to feel affection for someone, or (in negative/question form) to like something.

carry away

To remove something or someone by carrying, or (figuratively) to cause someone to become so excited or emotional that they lose self-control

carry up

To transport something to a higher level or floor by physically carrying it.

chalk up

To achieve or record something, often a success, score, or total.

chalk up to

To attribute something, especially a failure or difficulty, to a particular cause.

change down

To move to a lower gear when driving a vehicle.

change over

To move from one system, activity, or position to another; to switch.

change up

To shift to a higher gear when driving; or to vary or alter something to make it different.

chase down

To pursue and catch someone or something; or to search persistently until you find information or a person.

chase off

To force someone or something to leave by chasing them.

chase up

To contact someone to remind them to do something they have not yet done, or to find out about progress.

chat away

To talk in a relaxed, continuous, and friendly way for a period of time.

chat up

To talk to someone in a friendly, flattering way, usually because you are romantically or sexually attracted to them.

cheat on

To be unfaithful to a romantic partner, or to use dishonest methods during a test or exam.

check off

To mark an item on a list as done or verified.

check over

To examine something carefully and thoroughly to find errors or confirm that everything is in order.

check up

To verify facts or information, or to conduct a medical examination.

chew on

To bite and work food or an object repeatedly with the teeth, or to think carefully about a problem or idea.

chew up

To chew food thoroughly; to destroy, damage, or consume something by or as if by chewing.

chop off

To remove something by cutting it with a sharp, forceful stroke

chow down

To eat heartily, enthusiastically, or in large amounts

chuck away

To throw something away or discard it, often carelessly or wastefully

chuck it down

To rain very heavily (British English fixed expression)

chuck out

To throw something away or force someone to leave a place

chuck over

To throw something across a space to someone

clean down

To clean a surface thoroughly, typically from top to bottom.

clear off

To go away or leave a place, often used as a rude command; also to remove everything from a surface.

click for

To click on a link, button, or icon in order to access or obtain something online.

click off

To turn something off by pressing or clicking a switch or button; also to deselect a checkbox or option online.

click through

To navigate through web pages, slides, or digital content by clicking; especially to reach a destination by clicking a link.

climb down

To descend from a high place; or to reverse a position or demand, especially under pressure.

cling on

To hold onto something or someone tightly, especially because of fear, difficulty, or desperation; to maintain a position with difficulty.

cling to

To hold tightly to something or someone; or to refuse to let go of a belief, hope, or feeling.

clock in

To record the time you arrive at work, usually using a machine or app.

clock off

To record the time you finish work and leave, typically using a machine or app.

clock on

To record the start of your working shift; a British variant of 'clock in.'

clock out

To record the time you finish your work shift, typically using a machine or digital system.

clog up

To block something gradually with an accumulation of material, making it unable to flow or function properly.

close down

To permanently or indefinitely stop operating, especially of a business, shop, or broadcasting service.

close up

To close a building, shop, or wound completely; to move closer together; or to become uncommunicative.

cloud over

Of the sky: to become covered with clouds; also of a face or expression: to show sadness or worry.

cloud up

Of the sky: to become covered with clouds; also of a surface: to become misty or foggy.

clown around

To behave in a silly, playful, or comedic way for the amusement of others or simply for fun.

clutter up

To fill a space with too many unnecessary or untidy objects, making it difficult to use.

cock up

British informal: to make a serious mistake or ruin something through incompetence.

coil up

To wind or twist something into a series of loops, or (of a creature or object) to arrange itself in a spiral shape.

color up

American English: (of a person) to become flushed or red in the face, typically from embarrassment or shyness; also to add colour to somethi

colour up

British English: to blush or go red in the face, typically from embarrassment or shyness.

comb over

To comb long hair from one side of the head over to the other, typically to conceal baldness; also used as a noun for this hairstyle.

comb through

To search through a large amount of material, information, or an area very carefully and thoroughly.

come about

To happen or occur, especially as the result of a series of events or circumstances.

come after

To follow something in order or sequence; or to pursue or try to catch someone.

come apart

To separate into pieces; to break or disassemble; or to lose emotional composure.

come around

To visit someone; to regain consciousness; to change one's opinion over time; or for a scheduled event to arrive.

come at

To attack or move toward someone in a threatening way; or to approach a problem from a particular angle.

come away

To leave a place or situation, especially with a particular feeling or result; or for a part of something to become detached.

come through

To succeed, survive, or deliver what is needed, especially in a difficult situation.

come to

To regain consciousness, to reach a total, or to arrive at a point in discussion or thought.

come together

To unite, meet, or begin to work as a whole.

come up to

To approach someone or something, or to reach the required standard or level.

confide in

To trust someone enough to share personal or secret information with them.

conk out

To suddenly stop working, or to fall asleep from exhaustion.

connect up

To join or link things together, especially electrically or mechanically, to form a complete system.

cook out

To cook food outdoors, typically on a grill or over an open fire; also used as a noun for such an event.

cook through

To cook food completely so that the heat reaches the center and no raw parts remain.

cook up

To prepare a meal, or to invent a plan, excuse, or story — often one that is clever, cunning, or dishonest.

cool off

To become cooler in temperature or to become less angry or emotionally intense.

cope with

To manage or deal with a difficult situation, problem, or emotion, often with some degree of difficulty.

copy out

To reproduce a piece of writing in full by writing it out again, usually from an existing source.

cough up

To produce money or information reluctantly, or to expel something from the throat by coughing.

count in

To include someone in a plan, activity, or group.

count out

To exclude someone from a plan, or to count items one by one while distributing them.

count towards

To be included as part of a total, score, or requirement.

cover up

To conceal something, especially wrongdoing or mistakes, or to place something over an object to hide it.

crack down

To take firm action to stop or punish illegal or undesirable activity.

crack on

To continue with a task energetically and without delay.

crack up

To burst out laughing, to cause someone to laugh, or to suffer a mental or emotional collapse.

cramp up

To experience a sudden, painful muscle contraction, usually during or after physical activity.

cram together

To force people or things into a very small space so they are tightly packed.

crank out

To produce something quickly and in large quantities, often suggesting a mechanical or routine process.

crank up

To increase the volume, speed, or intensity of something dramatically, or to start up a machine or process.

crash in

To sleep at someone's home informally and without prior arrangement; or to enter a place suddenly and forcefully.

crash out

To fall asleep very quickly due to exhaustion; or to be eliminated from a competition.

crawl with

To be completely covered with or full of moving creatures, people, or things, creating an unpleasant sense of density.

cream up

To apply cream, lotion, or moisturiser generously to the skin.

creep in

To enter slowly and gradually, often without being noticed — used of people, abstract things, or influences.

creep out

To make someone feel uncomfortable, uneasy, or disturbed in a skin-crawling way; or to leave quietly without being noticed.

creep up

To increase or rise gradually and slowly, often without being immediately noticed; or to approach someone quietly.

creep up on

To approach someone or something slowly and quietly so as not to be noticed; or for something to happen so gradually that you are not aware

crop up

To appear or happen unexpectedly, especially a problem or topic that needs attention.

cross over

To move from one side, group, genre, or domain to another, either physically or figuratively.

crowd in

To press or gather into a space in large numbers; or for thoughts and feelings to enter the mind all at once.

crumble up

To break or cause to break completely into small dry fragments or crumbs.

crumple up

To crush something flexible, such as paper or fabric, into an irregular, wrinkled shape; or for a person to collapse or fall.

crush on

To have a strong, romantic infatuation with someone, usually without the feeling being mutual.

cry it out

To cry until the emotion is fully released and you feel better; also used for a baby sleep training method where a baby is left to cry until

cry on

To seek emotional comfort or support from someone by sharing one's problems or grief with them.

cry out

To shout or exclaim loudly, usually because of pain, fear, surprise, or strong emotion.

cue up

To prepare audio, video, or other media so it is ready to play from a specific point.

cut across

To take a shorter route by going diagonally across something; or to affect or apply to many different groups at once.

cut along

An informal, somewhat old-fashioned way of telling someone to leave or go away.

cut away

To remove something by cutting it; or in film/TV, to switch suddenly to a different shot or scene.

cut in

To interrupt a conversation or activity; to move in front of someone else in a queue or in traffic; to ask someone to dance.

cut into

To make a cut or incision into a surface; or to reduce or take a significant portion from something.

cut it up

To cut something into pieces; informally, to perform or show off energetically on a dance floor or in a performance.

cut through

To move or cut directly through something, often a shortcut; or to deal with complexity clearly and directly.

cut up

To cut something into small pieces; to upset or distress someone emotionally; to behave in a silly or mischievous way.

dab out

To remove a substance (such as a stain or liquid) by pressing and lifting gently with a cloth or similar material.

dab up

To absorb or collect a small amount of liquid from a surface using gentle dabbing motions.

dam up

To block or restrain the flow of water (or figuratively, of emotions) by creating a barrier.

dance around

To move around something in a lively way, or figuratively, to avoid directly addressing a topic or issue.

dap up

To greet someone with a special handshake, fist bump, or combination of physical greeting gestures.

dart about

To move rapidly and repeatedly in different directions with sudden changes of course.

dash off

To leave quickly, or to produce a piece of writing very quickly and with little effort.

dawn on

To slowly become clear or understood; used when someone gradually realises something they had not noticed before.

dawn upon

A more formal or literary variant of 'dawn on': to gradually become understood or realised by someone.

deal in

To buy and sell a particular type of goods as a business; or figuratively, to work within the realm of particular ideas or qualities.

deal out

To distribute something among several people, or to inflict something such as punishment.

deal to

To give cards or deliver a blow to a specific person.

decide upon

A formal or literary variant of 'decide on', meaning to reach a final choice about something.

dice up

To cut food into small, roughly equal cube-shaped pieces.

die away

To gradually become quieter, weaker, or less noticeable until it disappears.

die down

To gradually reduce in strength, intensity, or level until calm or quiet is restored.

die out

To become extinct or completely disappear over time.

dig around

To search through things or investigate an area in an unfocused or exploratory way.

dig in

To start eating enthusiastically; to establish a defensive position; or to resist firmly.

dig into

To investigate something thoroughly, or to push into a surface, or to start eating food with enthusiasm.

dig out

To remove or rescue something or someone from a surrounding mass; or to find and retrieve something after searching.

dig up

To remove something from the ground by digging; or to discover hidden or forgotten information.

dip into

To read part of a book casually; to take money from savings; or to briefly explore a subject.

dish out

To distribute or give out something, often in large amounts; also means to serve food.

dish up

To serve food or present something ready for use or consumption.

dispose of

To get rid of something by discarding, selling, or dealing with it in an appropriate way.

dive in

To start doing something quickly and with enthusiasm, without hesitation.

divvy up

To divide and share something among a group of people, usually informally.

divy up

Non-standard spelling of 'divvy up'; to divide and share something informally among a group.

dob in

To report someone to an authority for doing something wrong; to inform on someone. (Australian/NZ English)

dob on

To report someone to an authority figure for misbehaviour; to inform on someone. (Australian/NZ English)

do in

To exhaust someone completely; to injure or harm something; or to kill someone. (Informal)

doll up

To make oneself or someone else look attractive by dressing up smartly and applying make-up.

double back

To turn around and return along the same route you just came from.

double over

To bend sharply at the waist, usually because of pain, laughter, or a physical blow.

double up

To share a space with someone, to bend in pain or laughter, or to increase something twofold.

do without

To manage or survive without something that is absent or unavailable.

drag down

To make someone or something worse, lower in quality, or more negative.

drag on

To continue for much longer than expected or desired, in a tedious way.

drag out

To make something last longer than necessary, or to pull someone or something out of a place by force.

drill through

To make a hole through something by rotating a sharp tool, or to work through something methodically and persistently.

drink down

To swallow a drink quickly or in one go, often something unpleasant.

drink out

To drink at a bar, pub, or other venue outside of one's home.

drive down

To travel somewhere by driving, or to cause prices, costs, or numbers to decrease.

drive out

To force a person, group, or thing to leave a place permanently.

drive up

To arrive at a place in a vehicle, or to cause prices, costs, or figures to increase.

drone on

To talk or speak for a long time in a boring and monotonous way.

drop back

To move to a position further behind others in a group, race, or ranking, either deliberately or because of slower progress.

drop behind

To fail to keep up with others or with a required pace or schedule.

drop into

To enter a place briefly and informally, or to fall into a state or habit without much conscious effort.

drown out

To make a sound or voice impossible to hear by being louder, or to overwhelm something so it cannot be perceived.

dry out

To become completely dry after being wet or moist, or to help someone stop drinking alcohol.

dry up

To stop flowing or being available, to become completely dry, or to stop speaking suddenly.

dust off

To remove dust from something, or to bring something back into use after it has been neglected or unused for a period of time.

dust out

To clean the inside of something by removing dust, typically by wiping, brushing, or blowing.

ease off

To become less intense, severe, or demanding, or to reduce pressure on something.

ease up

To relax one's effort or become less harsh, demanding, or intense.

edit out

To remove something from a piece of writing, film, broadcast, or other content during editing.

eff off

A euphemistic way of saying 'f*** off' — to tell someone rudely to go away or to express anger.

eff up

A euphemism for 'f*** up' — to make a serious mistake or ruin something.

end in

To have a particular result or conclusion, especially an unpleasant one.

engage in

To actively take part in or involve oneself in an activity, discussion, or process.

even out

To become or make something balanced, equal, or smooth, either physically or in terms of distribution.

even up

To make two sides, amounts, or scores equal, especially after one has been at a disadvantage.

face up

Positioned with the face, front, or surface turned upward; also used informally to mean to be honest or confront something.

face up to

To accept and deal bravely with a difficult, unpleasant, or frightening reality rather than avoiding it.

fade away

To gradually become less intense, visible, strong, or noticeable until eventually gone or almost gone.

fade out

To gradually decrease in strength, visibility, or volume until disappearing, or to bring something to an end gradually.

fall back

To move backward or retreat, especially under pressure.

fall in

To collapse inward, or to form a military line on command.

fall into

To enter a physical space by falling, or to move into a state, habit, or category naturally or accidentally.

fence off

To enclose or separate an area using a fence or similar barrier.

fess up

To admit or confess to something, especially something you have done wrong or have been trying to hide.

fetch in

To go and get something from outside and bring it indoors.

fiddle about

To waste time on unimportant things, or to touch or adjust something repeatedly in a nervous or purposeless way.

fiddle around

To waste time or handle something repeatedly in a small, purposeless way; to tinker without achieving much.

fiddle with

To touch, move, or adjust something repeatedly in a small, often nervous or purposeless way.

fight back

To defend yourself by attacking or opposing someone who has attacked you, or to struggle to suppress an emotion.

fight off

To defend yourself successfully against an attacker, illness, or an unwanted thing by fighting or struggling against it.

finish off

To complete the final part of something, to consume the last of something, or to defeat and destroy someone or something completely.

finish up

To complete what remains of a task or activity, or to find oneself in a particular situation at the end.

finish with

To no longer need or use something, to have completed a relationship or association, or to have nothing more to say or do regarding somethin

fire away

To tell someone they are free to begin asking questions or speaking, or to shoot continuously.

firm up

To make something more definite, solid, or physically firmer.

fish out

To retrieve something from inside a bag, pocket, body of water, or other container, often with some searching.

fit together

For two or more parts to join or combine correctly, or for ideas to be logically consistent with each other.

fix to

To attach or fasten something securely to a surface or object.

fix up

To repair or renovate something; to arrange or organize something for someone; or to arrange for two people to meet romantically.

flag down

To signal a moving vehicle to stop, usually by waving one's arms or hand.

flake off

For a surface material to break away in small, thin pieces.

flare up

For fire to suddenly become more intense; for a feeling, illness, or conflict to suddenly worsen or re-emerge.

fluff up

To shake or pat something soft in order to make it fuller, softer, or more comfortable.

flunk out

To be forced to leave school, college, or a course because of failing grades.

flush out

To clean something by pushing water through it; or to force a person, animal, or information out of hiding.

fly by

To pass very quickly — used for time, vehicles, or events.

fly into

To arrive at a destination by air; or to suddenly enter a strong emotional state.

fly off

To detach and move through the air suddenly; to depart quickly; or to lose one's temper.

fly up

To move rapidly upward through the air; or to travel by air to a place.

fog up

To become covered in a thin layer of condensation or mist that obscures visibility.

fold down

To fold or bend a part of something downward or forward.

fold out

To open or extend something by unfolding it outward from a folded position.

follow on

To come after something in sequence or to arrive later, continuing from where something left off.

follow through

To complete an action, plan, or promise all the way to its end without stopping.

follow up

To make a subsequent contact or take an additional action after an initial one.

follow up on

To take further action on a specific matter that was previously started or mentioned.

fool about

To behave in a silly, playful, or irresponsible way, or to waste time.

fool around

To behave in a silly or irresponsible way, waste time, or engage in casual sexual activity.

fork out

To pay money for something, especially reluctantly or when it seems expensive.

fork over

To hand over money or something valuable, often reluctantly.

foul up

To ruin, spoil, or make a serious mess of something through mistakes or incompetence.

freak out

To become extremely anxious, frightened, upset, or excited; or to cause someone else to feel this way.

free up

To make time, space, money, or resources available by removing what was previously using them.

freeze over

For a body of water or surface to become completely covered or solidified with ice.

freeze up

To suddenly become unable to move, speak, or function — either from cold, fear, or a technical malfunction.

frost up

For a surface to become covered with frost or a thin layer of ice.

frown on

To regard a behaviour, action, or practice with disapproval; to consider something socially or morally unacceptable.

frown upon

To regard something with disapproval, often implying a social or moral judgment against it.

fuck it up

Vulgar slang for completely ruining or spoiling a specific thing through an error or poor handling.

fuck off

Strongly vulgar expression used to tell someone to go away, or to describe going away oneself; also used as an exclamation of disbelief.

fuck up

Vulgar slang meaning to make a serious mistake, ruin something, or cause psychological damage to a person.

fuss around

To move about in an unnecessarily busy or anxious way, often doing things that aren't truly necessary.

gain on

To gradually reduce the distance between yourself and someone or something ahead of you; to make progress relative to a competitor.

get up to

To be involved in an activity, especially one that is secret, mischievous, or surprising.

give into

A variant form of 'give in to,' meaning to yield to a temptation, demand, or feeling.

give it up

To applaud enthusiastically for someone, or to stop trying at something or to quit a habit.

give off

To produce and release a smell, light, heat, radiation, or impression.

glance away

To quickly move one's eyes away from something, usually to avoid eye contact or because of discomfort.

glance over

To read or examine something quickly and without much attention to detail.

go about

To approach or deal with a task in a particular way; or to move around doing ordinary activities.

go after

To pursue, chase, or try to obtain someone or something.

go against

To oppose, contradict, or be in conflict with someone or something.

go ahead with

To proceed and carry out a specific plan or action, often after consideration or permission.

go along

To travel or move with someone; or to proceed through a process step by step.

go along with

To accept or agree with someone's plan, idea, or decision, sometimes without full conviction.

go around

To move in a circular path; to be enough for everyone; or (of information/illness) to circulate.

gobble down

To eat food very quickly and greedily.

gobble up

To eat something quickly and greedily; or to consume, absorb, or use up resources rapidly.

go down with

To become ill with a particular illness.

go into

To enter a place or state, to begin a career or field, or to explain or examine something in detail.

goof around

To behave in a silly, playful, or aimless way, often while avoiding serious work.

goof off

To avoid working or waste time when you are supposed to be doing something productive.

goof up

To make a mistake or do something incorrectly.

go round

To move in a circular path, to visit someone casually, or to be sufficient for everyone.

go round with

To regularly spend time socialising with a particular person or group of people.

go through with

To do something that was planned or promised, even though it is difficult or you have doubts.

go towards

For money, effort, or resources to be used as part of a contribution to a larger goal or fund.

go under

To sink below the surface of water; for a business to fail and close; or to lose consciousness under anaesthetic.

go up against

To compete directly with or face as an opponent, especially someone or something considered difficult to beat.

go without

To manage or exist without having something, often implying sacrifice or deprivation.

grab at

To make a quick, often desperate or clumsy attempt to seize something; to eagerly try to take an opportunity.

grind up

To reduce something to small pieces or powder by grinding.

gross out

To disgust or nauseate someone, or to feel intensely disgusted.

grow apart

To gradually become less close to someone over time as your lives, interests, or values diverge.

grow into

To gradually become suited to or capable of something, or to become big enough to fit into something.

grow on

To become more pleasing or appealing to someone over time, especially something that was not liked at first.

grow out

To allow hair or a dye to return to its natural state by letting it grow; or for a plant or shoot to grow outward.

grow out of

To become too big or too mature for something, or to stop doing something as a result of growing older.

gun down

To shoot and kill or seriously injure someone with a firearm, often suddenly and deliberately.

hack away

To keep cutting or striking something forcefully and repeatedly; to persist at a difficult task with energy.

hail from

To originally come from or belong to a particular place.

hammer away

To work at something persistently and with great energy; also to repeat a point or argument forcefully and continuously.

hammer up

To attach or fasten something to a surface by hammering in nails.

hand away

To give something to someone else, often permanently or freely.

hand down

To pass something from an older or higher source to a younger or lower one, or to officially deliver a judgement.

hand it to

To acknowledge and give credit to someone for something impressive they have done.

hand it to someone

To give someone the recognition they deserve for doing something impressively well.

hand off

To pass responsibility, a task, or an object directly to another person.

hand on

To give something to the next person in a series, or to pass knowledge, tradition, or objects to others.

hand up

To pass something upward to someone above, or (slang) to inform against someone to authorities.

hang back

To hesitate or be reluctant to move forward or participate, often due to shyness or uncertainty.

hang behind

To remain in a place after others have left, or to move more slowly than a group.

hang in

To persist through a difficult situation; usually used in the expression 'hang in there'.

hang off

To dangle from something, often precariously, or (informal) to stop doing something.

hang onto

To keep hold of something, physically or figuratively; to retain something.

hang over

To project or suspend above something, or to be a persistent worry or threat that affects a situation.

hang to

To hold tightly to something or to retain something. A less common variant of 'hang onto'.

happen across

To find or meet someone or something by chance, without looking for it.

happen on

To find or encounter something or someone by pure chance.

happen upon

To find or encounter something or someone entirely by accident.

harden up

To become tougher, stronger, or more resilient, physically or emotionally.

hard up

Having very little money; in financial difficulty.

harp on

To talk repeatedly and tediously about the same thing, especially a complaint or criticism.

hash out

To discuss and settle something thoroughly through careful, often lengthy debate or negotiation.

hatch up

To secretly devise or plot a plan, scheme, or idea, often with cunning or negative intent.

haul around

To carry or transport something heavy or bulky from place to place.

haul in

To pull or drag something or someone in with effort; to earn a large amount of money.

haul out

To pull or drag something out from somewhere, especially with considerable effort.

have against

To have a reason for disliking, opposing, or objecting to someone or something.

have down

To have something perfectly learned or mastered; to have something recorded or noted.

have in

To invite or arrange for someone to come to your home or workplace, or to keep a supply of something.

have off

To be granted a period of time away from work or school; to have a tooth or body part removed.

have on

To be wearing something; to have plans or commitments; or to trick or tease someone.

have out

To have something removed from your body, usually by a doctor or dentist.

have over

To invite someone to visit you at your home.

head off

To leave and go somewhere; or to intercept and stop something or someone before it happens.

head up

To be in charge of or lead an organisation, team, or project.

heal over

For a wound or injury to close up and form new skin on the surface.

heal up

For a wound, injury, or illness to recover and return to a healthy state.

hear out

To listen to someone fully and completely, allowing them to finish what they are saying without interruption.

heat through

To make food warm all the way to the centre, not just on the outside.

hem up

To fold and sew the bottom edge of a garment to shorten it or neaten its finish.

hide away

To put something in a secret place, or to go somewhere private and secluded.

hide out

To stay in a secret or hidden place in order to avoid being found, usually by people in authority or by enemies.

hike up

To raise something such as prices or clothing sharply or by a large amount.

hire out

To make something or one's services available for payment, either by an owner or by a worker.

hit back

To respond to an attack or criticism with an equally strong counter-attack or response.

hit it off

To immediately like each other and get along well from the very first meeting.

hold together

To remain united, intact, or coherent, or to cause something to stay that way

hook it up

To connect a device or system, or informally to provide someone with something they need or want

hook up

To connect devices or systems; to meet and begin a relationship or casual encounter; or to provide someone with what they need

hop on down to

To go casually and without fuss to a nearby place, often used as a cheerful invitation.

hop to it

To start doing something immediately, especially when ordered or urged by someone else.

hop up

To climb quickly onto a surface; or to stimulate or modify something for greater performance.

horse about

To play in a boisterous, rough, or silly manner, often when one should be doing something more serious.

horse around

To play in a rough, boisterous, or silly way, typically when one should be doing something else.

hose down

To wash or drench something thoroughly using a hose or strong jet of water.

hose off

To remove dirt, mud, or other substances from a surface using a hose or jet of water.

hug it out

To resolve a disagreement or emotional tension by hugging each other.

hunch over

To bend the top of the body forward and round the shoulders, often while focusing on something.

hunt down

To search for and find someone or something after a determined, persistent effort, especially with the intention of capturing or confronting

hush down

To make someone or something quieter; to calm noise or commotion down.

hustle up

To move quickly or encourage others to move quickly; also to gather or produce something with speed and energy.

ice down

To apply ice to something, especially a body part or drinks, in order to cool or reduce swelling.

ice over

For a surface to become covered with a layer of ice.

ice up

For a surface, machine, or mechanism to become blocked or coated with ice, often causing problems.

improve on

To produce a better result, version, or performance than something or someone that already exists.

interact with

To communicate with, act upon, or have an effect on someone or something else.

join up

To enlist in the armed forces, or to connect separate things or people together.

jumble up

To put things or ideas into a disordered, confused state.

jump at

To accept or take an opportunity eagerly and without hesitation.

jump on

To leap onto something; to quickly take advantage of something; or to suddenly criticize someone.

jump to

To move quickly to a particular point or conclusion, often without proper consideration.

key in

To type data or information into a computer, phone, or other device.

kick about

To discuss ideas informally without reaching a conclusion; to be left lying around unused; or to be present somewhere without a clear purpos

kick around

To discuss ideas casually; to wander without purpose; to treat someone badly; or to be lying around unused.

kick back

To relax completely and do nothing; to receive or pay an illegal payment as a bribe; or to recoil from a force.

kick down

To destroy or break something open by kicking it; also used figuratively to mean to remove obstacles aggressively.

kick in

To start having an effect; to contribute money or effort; or to break something in by kicking.

kick over

To cause something to fall by kicking it; also (of an engine) to turn over and start.

kid around

To joke, tease, or behave in a playful and light-hearted way.

kill off

To cause the complete or gradual destruction, elimination, or ending of something or a group.

knock together

To build or assemble something quickly and roughly, often with basic materials.

knock up

A versatile phrasal verb with distinct British and North American meanings, including waking someone, making something quickly, or (informal

know of

To be aware that someone or something exists, without necessarily having detailed knowledge about them.

knuckle down

To begin working hard and seriously, especially after a period of distraction or laziness.

konk out

To fall asleep suddenly from exhaustion, or (of a machine or engine) to stop working unexpectedly.

lag behind

To move, progress, or develop more slowly than others or than expected; to fail to keep pace.

land on

To arrive at, settle on, or find something; also, to criticise or punish someone.

land up

To find oneself in a place, situation, or condition as a result of a series of events, often unexpectedly.

lap up

To drink by using the tongue (of animals), or figuratively, to accept and enjoy something with great enthusiasm and without question.

lean towards

To have a preference or slight tendency toward a particular option, idea, or belief.

leap at

To eagerly and enthusiastically accept an opportunity or offer.

leap out

To be immediately and strikingly obvious or noticeable, or to jump out of somewhere suddenly.

leave off

To stop doing something, or to omit something from a list or document.

leave over

To allow something to remain unused or undone, so that it is available later.

let in on

To share a secret, plan, or private information with someone.

let into

To allow someone or something access into a specific place, situation, or piece of knowledge.

let off

To excuse someone from punishment or a duty, or to fire or detonate something.

let past

To move aside or give permission so that someone or something can pass by.

let through

To allow someone or something to pass through a barrier, checkpoint, or obstacle.

let up

To become less intense, severe, or continuous; to stop or relax pressure.

level up

To advance to a higher level of skill, quality, or status; originally from gaming, now widely used in everyday English.

lick up

To remove or consume liquid or small substances from a surface by licking.

lie around

To rest idly in a relaxed position; or for objects to be left untidily in various places.

lie in

To stay in bed later than usual in the morning; also (of something) to consist of or exist within something.

lift down

To use physical effort to move or carry something from a higher position to a lower one.

lift off

For a rocket, spacecraft, or helicopter to leave the ground and rise into the air; also for something to be removed from a surface.

lighten up

To become less serious, tense, or strict; to relax and have a more positive attitude.

light up

To illuminate, to make someone's face show happiness, or to begin smoking a cigarette.

like of

Used to refer to a type or class of person or thing, often implying comparison or uniqueness (usually 'the like of').

limber up

To stretch and warm up the body to become more flexible before physical activity; also figuratively to prepare for any challenging task.

link up

To connect or join together, whether physically, technologically, or in partnership.

listen in

To listen to a broadcast, conversation, or communication, either with permission or secretly.

listen out

To pay active attention in order to hear a specific sound, signal, or piece of information.

long for

To feel a deep, emotional desire or yearning for something or someone, especially something absent or difficult to have.

look ahead

To think about and prepare for the future, or to direct your gaze forward.

look ahead to

To direct your attention toward a specific upcoming event, period, or challenge in the future.

look back

To think about or consider the past, or to literally turn and look behind you.

look down upon

To regard someone or something as inferior or beneath one's own standards — the formal or literary variant of 'look down on'.

look in on

To make a brief visit to a person to check on their wellbeing or to see how they are doing.

look on

To watch something happen without taking part in it.

look out for someone

To watch over and protect someone, or to be alert so you can help them.

look through

To read or examine something carefully from start to finish, or to deliberately ignore someone.

loosen up

To become more relaxed, less tense, or less inhibited, physically or socially.

lose out

To be at a disadvantage or fail to gain something because of competition or bad luck.

lotion up

To apply lotion, moisturiser, or sunscreen to one's body.

luck out

To experience good fortune; to have things turn out well by chance (American English) — or conversely, to be unlucky (British English).

lug in

To carry something heavy or bulky indoors or into a space with considerable effort.

lug out

To carry something heavy or bulky out of a place with considerable physical effort.

lunch in

To eat lunch at home, at one's desk, or indoors rather than going to a restaurant or café.

lunch out

To eat lunch at a restaurant, café, or public eating establishment rather than at home or at one's desk.

make for

To move toward a destination with purpose; or to contribute to or create a particular result, condition, or atmosphere.

make into

To transform something or someone into a different thing, form, or role through deliberate action.

make it up to

To do something good for someone in order to compensate for a previous wrong, disappointment, or favour owed.

make of

To form an opinion, understanding, or interpretation about something, especially something puzzling or unclear.

make out with

To kiss and physically caress someone in a romantic or sexual way.

make over

To completely transform the appearance or style of a person or place; or (formal/legal) to transfer ownership of property.

manage with

To cope or succeed in a situation using only what is available, even if resources or conditions are not ideal.

map out

To plan or describe something in detail, showing all the stages, steps, or features in a clear and organised way.

march on

To continue advancing steadily and unstoppably; or to walk in a march toward a destination in protest or military formation.

mark as

To identify, categorise, or designate something or someone with a particular label, status, or characteristic.

mark down

To reduce the price of something; to give a lower grade or score; or to write something down as a note.

mark off

To check off items on a list as they are completed; or to separate or indicate an area by drawing lines or placing markers.

mark up

To increase the price of something, or to add written corrections and notes to a document.

mash up

To crush something into a soft mass, or to combine two or more things — especially songs, styles, or ideas — into a creative new whole.

mask up

To put on a face mask, especially for health protection or safety.

match up

To correspond, agree, or be equal to something else; or to pair people or things together based on compatible qualities.

max out

To reach the maximum limit of something, especially a credit card, capacity, or physical effort.

measure off

To measure and mark a specific length, distance, or portion of something.

measure up

To meet a required standard or level of quality; or literally to take the measurements of something.

meet with

To have a formal or official meeting with someone, or to experience a particular reaction or outcome.

melt away

To gradually disappear or dissolve, either literally (like ice or snow) or figuratively (like stress or a crowd).

melt down

To heat a solid material until it becomes liquid; or to experience a severe emotional or systemic collapse.

mess about

To waste time, behave in a silly way, or treat someone carelessly.

mess around

To waste time, behave in a playful or unfocused way, or treat someone without respect.

mess up

To make something untidy, spoil it, or make a mistake.

mess with

To interfere with something or someone, or to provoke and challenge a person.

mince up

To cut or chop food, especially meat, into very small fine pieces.

minor in

To study a subject as a secondary academic focus at university, alongside one's main subject.

miss off

To accidentally or carelessly fail to include someone or something on a list or in a set.

miss out

To fail to experience, enjoy, or take advantage of something good, or to omit something from a list.

mist up

To become covered with condensation or moisture, causing a surface to become unclear.

monkey about

To behave in a silly, playful, or irresponsible way.

monkey around

To behave in a silly, playful, or irresponsible way; to waste time playing or fooling around.

mop down

To clean a surface thoroughly using a mop, usually working downward or across the entire surface.

mope about

To move around slowly and aimlessly in a gloomy or dejected state, feeling sorry for oneself.

mope around

To move around in a gloomy, listless way, feeling sad or sorry for oneself.

mop up

To absorb or remove liquid by wiping; to deal with remaining problems, enemies, or tasks after the main action is complete.

mount up

To increase gradually over time to a large or significant amount.

mouse over

To move the computer cursor so that it rests over a particular element on a screen, often triggering a tooltip, highlight, or preview.

move ahead

To make progress or to proceed with something, especially a plan or project.

move off

To begin moving away from a place, especially for a vehicle or group to start travelling from a stationary position.

move up

To advance to a higher position, level, or rank, or to shift position to make space.

muck about

To behave in a silly, aimless, or time-wasting way, or to treat someone carelessly.

muck around

To behave playfully or aimlessly, wasting time, or to treat someone without proper care.

muck up

To do something badly, spoil it, or make it dirty.

muddle up

To confuse two or more things, or to put things into a disordered mess.

mush up

To crush or grind something into a soft, wet, pulpy mass.

offer up

To present, suggest, or give something, often willingly or as a sacrifice or contribution.

oil up

To apply oil to something or someone, either to lubricate machinery or to coat the body with oil.

open out

To unfold, expand, or widen into a larger shape or space; or to become more communicative and relaxed.

opt in

To actively choose to participate in something, especially a system, programme, or service.

opt out

To choose not to participate in something, or to withdraw from a system or arrangement you were part of.

order about

To give someone a series of commands in a domineering or disrespectful way.

order around

To give someone repeated commands in a domineering and disrespectful way.

order up

To formally request or command that something be provided, prepared, or sent.

own up

To admit honestly that you have done something wrong, even though it is difficult.

pack in

To stop doing something, or to fit a large number of people or things into a space.

pack off

To send someone somewhere, often quickly and with a sense of dismissal or urgency.

pack on

To gain weight or muscle, especially in a noticeable or rapid way.

pad out

To make something longer or bulkier by adding unnecessary or low-quality material.

pair off

To form pairs, especially for romantic purposes or as part of a group activity.

pal around

To spend time with someone as a close friend, especially in a casual, sociable way.

pal up

To become close friends with someone, especially quickly or unexpectedly.

pan out

To happen or develop in a particular way, especially as hoped or planned.

parcel up

To wrap and pack something into a parcel ready for sending or storing.

park in

To trap someone's vehicle by parking directly behind or alongside it so they cannot drive away.

part with

To give up or get rid of something, especially something you value or are reluctant to lose.

party down

To celebrate enthusiastically, dance freely, and have a great time at a party or social event.

party on

To continue partying or celebrating, or to encourage others to keep the festive spirit going.

pass down

To transfer knowledge, traditions, possessions, or characteristics from an older generation to a younger one.

pass up

To choose not to take advantage of an opportunity, usually one that is good or rare.

pen up

To confine a person or animal in an enclosed space, or to suppress feelings.

pep up

To make someone or something more lively, energetic, or enthusiastic.

perk up

To suddenly become more alert, cheerful, or lively, or to make something more attractive.

phase out

To gradually stop using, producing, or providing something until it is completely eliminated.

phone in

To call a television or radio programme, workplace, or service by telephone; or to do something with minimal effort.

pick at

To eat food in very small amounts without appetite; to repeatedly touch, scratch, or pull at something.

pick it up

An informal command or encouragement to go faster, work harder, or increase energy and pace.

piss down

To rain very heavily.

piss it down

To rain extremely heavily (emphatic British slang variant).

piss off

To make someone very angry, or to tell someone rudely to leave.

pitch in

To join in and help with a task or contribute to a shared effort.

plan out

To organize and decide on all the details of something carefully and thoroughly.

plate up

To arrange and serve food on a plate, especially in a restaurant or professional kitchen context.

play about

To behave in a playful or unserious way; to experiment with something casually.

play along

To cooperate with someone's plan or pretence, often while not fully believing it; to pretend to agree in order to avoid conflict or to decei

play around

To spend time doing things in a playful or experimental way; also to be sexually unfaithful to a partner.

play in

To perform, compete, or take part in a game or musical event within a particular place or context.

play through

To continue playing despite an obstacle, pain, or interruption, or in golf to pass through another group of players.

play up

To exaggerate or emphasize something, to misbehave, or (of a machine) to stop working properly.

plop down

To sit or fall down heavily and suddenly, or to place something down carelessly.

plough into

To crash into something with great force and momentum, or to begin a task with great energy.

plough through

To make one's way through something difficult with great effort, or to crash through an obstacle with force.

plow into

To collide with something with great force, or to start something energetically

pluck out

To remove something by pulling it sharply with the fingers or a tool

pluck up

To gather the courage or nerve to do something frightening or difficult

plug into

To connect something to a power source or device, or to access and become part of a larger system or network

plug out

To remove an electrical plug from a socket; to disconnect a device from its power supply

plug up

To block or seal a hole, gap, or opening to prevent something from flowing through

plunge into

To enter water or begin an activity suddenly, or to cause someone or something to enter a difficult situation abruptly

poke around

To explore or search a place or situation casually, often out of curiosity or to find information

poke out

To extend or project out from a surface or container, or to push something outward through an opening

polish off

To finish something completely, often quickly and with ease.

polish up

To improve or refine something, or to make it shine by polishing.

polish up on

To improve a skill or area of knowledge that has grown rusty or needs refinement.

pop down

To go somewhere quickly, especially to a place nearby or to a lower floor.

pop in

To make a brief, often unplanned visit to a person or place.

pop out

To leave a place briefly, or for something to appear or emerge suddenly.

pop up

To appear suddenly, unexpectedly, or from nowhere.

post off

To send something by post, especially quickly or as soon as possible.

pour in

To arrive or enter somewhere in large quantities or numbers.

pour into

To direct a large amount of something — liquid, money, effort, or people — into a specific place or purpose.

pour out

To release liquid from a container, or to express feelings or information freely and completely.

pour over

To pour liquid over the surface of something; NOTE: often confused with 'pore over' (to study carefully).

power down

To turn off an electrical device or system in a controlled, safe manner.

power up

To supply power to a device so it becomes operational, or to increase one's own energy and readiness.

prepare ahead

To get things ready before they are actually needed, in advance of an event or task.

press down

To apply steady downward pressure on something.

press on

To continue doing something, or to continue moving forward, despite difficulties or tiredness.

pull for

To support or hope for someone's success, especially when the outcome is uncertain.

pull in

To arrive at a place (of a vehicle), to attract or earn something, or to bring someone in for questioning.

pull oneself together

To regain control of one's emotions and behaviour after being upset, distressed, or scattered.

pull together

To work cooperatively as a group, especially under pressure, or to assemble various elements into a whole.

pull up

To stop a vehicle, to raise or move something upward, to reprimand someone, or to look up information.

pump out

To produce or emit something in large quantities, or to remove liquid using a pump.

pump up

To inflate something using a pump, to increase in volume or intensity, or to energise and motivate someone.

punch in

To record the start of one's workday using a time clock, or to enter data by pressing keys.

punch out

To record the end of one's workday, to hit someone, or to cut a shape out of material.

push along

To help something or someone move forward or make progress, or to leave.

push around

To bully or treat someone in a domineering way, telling them what to do and giving them no respect.

push aside

To move something or someone out of the way, or to deliberately ignore or suppress feelings, problems, or people.

push away

To physically move someone or something away, or to emotionally reject or distance oneself from someone.

push down

To apply downward physical force on something, or to keep prices, levels, or emotions suppressed.

push in

To force your way into a queue, space, or situation ahead of others, often rudely.

push off

To tell someone rudely to go away, or to move away from a place; also used in boating to leave a dock.

push on

To continue moving forward or making progress, especially despite difficulty or tiredness.

push under

To force someone or something below a surface, typically water, or to cause someone to fail by applying pressure.

push up

To cause prices, levels, or quantities to increase, or to physically move something upward by pushing.

put aside

To save money or time for a specific purpose, or to temporarily stop thinking about or dealing with a problem or feeling.

put in

To install equipment or a system; to invest time or effort; to make a formal request; or to say something during a conversation.

put it down

To attribute something to a particular cause or reason; also used literally to place an object on a surface.

put onto

To tell someone about something useful or connect them with a person who can help.

put over

To communicate or convey an idea, message, or point effectively.

put someone on to

To connect a person with another person, resource, or lead that can help them.

put through

To connect a phone call; to cause someone to experience something difficult; to successfully complete a process or get something approved.

put under

To administer general anesthesia to someone before a medical operation; or to place someone under authority or control.

quarrel with

To have an angry argument or serious disagreement with someone, or to find fault with something.

quicken up

To increase in speed or make something go faster.

race off

To leave somewhere very quickly, especially in a hurry or in a competitive spirit.

rack up

To accumulate a large amount of something, such as points, debts, wins, or costs, often rapidly.

rain down

To fall or descend in large quantities from above, like rain.

rain off

To cause an outdoor event to be cancelled or stopped because of rain.

rain out

To cause an outdoor event to be cancelled or stopped because of rain.

raise up

To lift something or someone physically, or to elevate someone's position, spirit, or status.

rake in

To earn or accumulate a large amount of money, often quickly or easily.

rake it in

To make a very large amount of money, used without specifying exactly what is earned.

rake up

To gather leaves with a rake; or to revive unpleasant memories, scandals, or events from the past.

rally around

To come together to support someone who is in difficulty or facing a challenge.

rally behind

To unite as a group in support of a leader, cause, or idea.

rally round

To come together to help or support someone who is in trouble or facing difficulty.

rap at

To knock sharply and quickly on a door, window, or surface.

rat on

To secretly inform on someone to an authority, especially betraying a friend or associate.

rat out

To inform on or betray someone to an authority, typically breaking loyalty.

rattle about

To make a rattling noise while moving loosely in a container; or (of a person) to live or move around in a space that is too large.

rattle around

To make a rattling noise while moving loosely inside a container; or to live or move in a space that is far too large.

rattle off

To say or produce a series of things quickly, easily, and without hesitation.

rattle on

To talk continuously for a long time, often in an irritating or tiresome way.

reach past

To extend your arm beyond a person or object in order to get something on the other side.

read off

To read a value, measurement, or piece of data directly from a gauge, screen, or list.

read over

To read something carefully, usually to check it or to familiarise yourself with its contents.

read through

To read something from beginning to end, usually to check it or understand it fully.

read up

To study a subject by reading about it, especially to prepare for something or to learn more.

ready up

To prepare oneself or signal that one is ready, often used in gaming or casual group situations.

reason with

To try to persuade someone to think or behave rationally by presenting calm, logical arguments.

reverse out

To drive a vehicle backwards out of a space or location.

revolve around

To have something as the central focus or main concern.

rev up

To increase an engine's speed, or to increase energy, excitement, or activity.

ride along

To travel with someone as a passenger or companion, often to observe or simply for company.

ride by

To pass a place while riding a bicycle, horse, motorcycle, or similar vehicle.

ride off

To depart on a horse, bicycle, or motorcycle, moving away from a place.

ride on

To continue riding, or for an outcome to depend critically on something.

ride up

For clothing to move upward out of position on the body; or to approach a place by riding.

ride with

To travel in the same vehicle as someone; to be associated or aligned with a person or group; or to accept and go along with something.

ring around

To phone several different people or places in succession, usually to find information or arrange something.

ring in

To welcome or celebrate the start of something new, especially the New Year; also to call in to work or a radio programme.

ring off

To end a telephone call by putting down the receiver.

ring out

A sound is heard loudly and clearly, or a bell/shot/voice projects outward into the surrounding space.

ring round

To phone several different people one after another, usually to find information or spread news.

rinse down

To wash something downward with a flow of water, or to drink liquid to push food or medicine down the throat.

rip apart

To tear something into pieces violently, or to criticise something harshly, or to destroy something emotionally or physically.

rip down

To remove something from a wall or surface quickly and forcefully, or to demolish something.

ripen up

To become fully ripe, or to help something reach the right level of ripeness.

rip off

To cheat someone by charging too much or stealing from them; to copy someone's idea or work without permission; or to remove something quick

rip out

To remove something from its place by tearing or pulling with great force.

roast up

To cook something by roasting until it is fully done and ready to eat.

rocket up

To rise or increase extremely quickly and dramatically.

rock up

To arrive somewhere, especially casually or without prior warning.

roll in

To arrive in large quantities or with ease, or to arrive casually and often late.

roll off

To leave a surface or place by rolling, or (of words/language) to be produced easily and naturally.

roll on

To continue moving or passing, or used as an exclamation wishing a future time would arrive sooner.

roll out

To introduce or launch something new in a planned, gradual way, or to flatten something by rolling.

roll over

To turn over by rolling; to surrender without resistance; or (finance) to extend a loan, debt, or investment for another term.

roll up

To wrap or curl something into a cylindrical shape; to arrive somewhere (informally); or to gather at a place.

root about

To search through a place or collection of things by moving things around energetically, like an animal digging.

root around

To search through something by moving things around, like an animal using its snout.

rot away

To decompose or decay completely and slowly over time.

rough up

To assault or handle someone roughly, usually as a threat or intimidation rather than to cause serious harm.

round off

To complete or conclude something in a satisfying way, or to reduce a number to the nearest convenient figure.

rub away

To remove something by rubbing continuously, or to gradually disappear as a result of rubbing.

rub down

To dry, massage, clean, or smooth something by rubbing vigorously.

rub in

To apply a substance to a surface by rubbing so that it is absorbed or incorporated.

rub it in

To keep reminding someone of an unpleasant mistake, failure, or embarrassment, causing further distress.

rub off

To be removed from a surface by rubbing, or to be transferred to another surface by contact.

rub off on

Of a quality, habit, or attitude: to be gradually and unconsciously transferred from one person to another through close contact.

rub out

To remove a mark or writing by rubbing with an eraser; also criminal slang for killing someone.

run down

To hit someone with a vehicle, to criticize someone unfairly, or to become depleted of power or energy

run for it

To run as fast as possible to escape from danger or to reach safety

run off

To leave a place quickly and unexpectedly, to print copies of something, or for a liquid to flow away

run on

To continue for longer than expected, to talk for too long, or to operate using a particular fuel or power source

run through

To review or practise something from start to finish, to stab someone with a long weapon, or for something to spread rapidly through a group

run up

To accumulate a debt or bill, to sew something quickly, or to raise a flag

rush in

To enter a place quickly and urgently, or to become involved in a situation too hastily

rush off

To leave a place very quickly, usually because you are busy or in a hurry

rush out

To leave a place in a great hurry, or to release or publish something very quickly, sometimes without adequate preparation

sack off

British slang meaning to decide not to do something, or to dismiss/abandon a plan or commitment.

sack out

Informal American expression meaning to go to sleep or take a nap.

saddle up

To put a saddle on a horse in preparation for riding; figuratively, to prepare to begin a task or journey.

sag off

British regional slang (especially northern England) for playing truant from school or skipping work.

sail through

To complete a task, test, or difficult situation very easily and successfully.

sand down

To make a surface smooth by rubbing it with sandpaper or a sanding tool.

save down

Informal computing term for saving a file to a device, especially from the internet or cloud storage.

save over

To save a new version of a file in place of an existing one, replacing it permanently.

saw off

To remove something by cutting it with a saw.

scare into

To use fear or threats to make someone do something against their will.

scarf down

To eat food very quickly and often greedily.

scarf up

To eat food quickly and greedily, or to grab and take something eagerly.

scoff down

To eat food quickly and greedily.

scoop in

To gather or draw something into a container or area using a scooping motion.

scoot up

To move upward, forward, or closer in a quick, light manner.

scope out

To examine, investigate, or survey a place or situation carefully, especially before taking action.

scout out

To explore or investigate a place or option in advance in order to gather useful information.

scramble up

To climb up something quickly and awkwardly, typically using both hands and feet.

scrape by

To have just enough money or resources to manage, with nothing to spare.

scrape off

To remove something from a surface by scraping it with a hard or sharp tool.

scrape through

To just barely succeed in passing an exam, test, or difficult situation.

scrape together

To manage to collect or assemble enough of something (usually money or people) with great difficulty.

scrape up

To gather or collect something, especially money, with considerable difficulty.

scream for

To urgently demand or desperately need something or someone, either literally by screaming or figuratively.

screw up

To make a serious mistake or ruin something; also to crumple paper or contort a face; informally, to cause someone psychological damage.

scribble down

To write something quickly and often untidily

scrub down

To clean a surface or object thoroughly by scrubbing it vigorously

scrunch up

To squeeze or compress something (or part of the body) into a tight, compact shape

seal off

To close an area or place completely, preventing access or escape

seal up

To close something completely and securely, making it airtight, watertight, or impossible to open

see about

To attend to, arrange, or enquire into something that needs dealing with

see after

To take care of or attend to someone or something (chiefly British and Irish dialectal variant of 'look after')

see for oneself

To personally observe or experience something directly, rather than relying on what others say

send for

To request that someone come to you, or to order something to be delivered.

send in

To submit something formally, or to deploy people into a situation.

send off

To post something, to give someone a farewell, or (in sport) to order a player to leave the field.

send out

To distribute something to multiple people, or to emit a signal or signal.

send out for

To order food or drink from an outside establishment to be delivered or collected.

serve up

To present food ready to eat, or to provide or produce something (often used critically).

set ahead

To advance a clock or schedule to a later time.

set aside

To reserve something for a specific purpose, or to decide to temporarily ignore something.

settle down

To become calm, or to begin living a stable domestic life.

settle for

To accept something that is less than what you really wanted or hoped for.

settle in

To become comfortable and established in a new place, job, or situation.

settle into

To gradually become comfortable with a particular role, routine, or situation.

settle on

To make a final decision or choice after considering various options.

settle up

To pay what you owe, especially to divide a shared bill or clear a debt with someone.