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813 phrasal verbs in this topic

abut on
C1

To be next to or touching something at a boundary, used of land or buildings.

air off
C1

A rare or regional expression meaning to allow air to cool or dry something, or to ventilate briefly.

air out
A2

To allow fresh air into a room or onto an object to remove stale smells or dampness, or figuratively to openly discuss a problem.

air up
B2

To inflate a tyre, ball, or other object by adding air to it.

art up
C1

To make something look more artistic or decorative, often by adding visual design elements.

ask back
B1

To invite someone to come back to your home or a place after they have left, or to invite someone in return after they have invited you.

ask in
A2

To invite someone to come inside your home or a building.

ask over
A2

To invite someone to come to your home or current location.

ask round
A2

To invite someone to come to your home; chiefly British English.

back on to
B2

Of a building or property: to have its back (rear) facing or adjacent to something.

back onto
B2

Of a building or property: to have its back (rear) directly adjacent to or facing something.

bag up
A2

To put things into bags, especially for storage, transport, or sale.

bake out
C1

To use sustained heat to remove moisture, gases, or contaminants from a material or enclosed space.

bake up
B1

To bake a batch or supply of something, or to prepare baked goods for a specific occasion.

bale up
C1

To compress and tie material such as hay, cotton, or waste into a compact bale using a machine or by hand.

bang about
B1

To move around noisily, making loud banging or crashing sounds.

bang around
B1

To move around a place making loud banging or crashing sounds; also used to mean knocking something repeatedly.

bank up
B2

To heap up into a mound or ridge; to cover a fire with fuel to keep it burning slowly; to accumulate.

bar down
C1

To secure or block something by placing a bar across it; in ice hockey slang, a shot that hits the crossbar and goes down into the net.

bar off
B2

To block access to an area or prevent entry using a bar or barrier.

bar out
B2

To prevent someone from entering a place; to exclude someone.

bar up
B2

To secure a door, window, or building by placing bars across it.

bash in
B1

To break or dent something by hitting it hard; to smash inward.

bash together
B2

To assemble or make something quickly and roughly; to knock things against each other.

baste up
C1

To temporarily sew fabric with long, loose stitches in preparation for permanent sewing.

batten down
B2

To secure or fasten something firmly, or to prepare carefully for a difficult situation.

beat out
B2

To defeat a competitor or rival; to extinguish fire by hitting it; to produce a rhythm by tapping.

bed down
B2

To settle somewhere to sleep, especially in a temporary or improvised place; or for a process or system to become established.

bed out
C1

To transfer young plants from a greenhouse or indoor setting into outdoor flower beds.

bind off
B2

In knitting: to complete a piece of knitting by working the final row of stitches in a way that locks them so they do not unravel.

black out
B1

To lose consciousness or memory; to extinguish all lights; to censor by covering with black; or to suffer a total power failure.

blend up
B1

To process food or drink ingredients in a blender until they form a smooth, uniform mixture.

block off
B1

To close or reserve an area, route, or period of time so it cannot be used by others.

block out
B1

To prevent light, sound, or thoughts from entering or being noticed; or to mark time as unavailable.

block up
A2

To obstruct or fill a passage, hole, or opening so nothing can get through.

blot up
B1

To absorb a liquid by pressing an absorbent material against it.

blow down
A2

For the wind to knock something over or topple it to the ground.

blow out
A2

To extinguish a flame with breath or wind; to fail suddenly; or to defeat someone easily.

board out
C1

To arrange for a person or animal to live and eat somewhere other than their usual home, typically while paying for it.

board up
B1

To cover windows, doors, or openings with wooden boards, usually to secure an empty or damaged building.

bolt down
B1

To fasten something firmly to a surface with bolts; or to eat or drink something very quickly.

bolt in
B2

To secure a person or thing inside a space by fastening a bolt; or to insert a component that bolts into place.

bomb out
B2

To destroy a building or force people from their home by bombing; or (informal) to fail completely or be eliminated from a competition.

box off
C1

To enclose or separate a space or area by surrounding it with a box-like structure or partition.

box up
A2

To put things into boxes, especially when packing to move or store them.

brass up
C1

to make something look smarter, brighter, or more impressive

break apart
B1

to separate into pieces or make something separate into pieces

brick in
C1

to enclose or block something with bricks

brick over
C1

to cover an opening or surface with bricks

brick up
B2

to close or block an opening by building bricks into it

bridge up
C1

to form or create a bridge-like connection or blockage across a space

brighten up
A2

to become brighter, happier, or more lively, or to make something like that

bring in
B1

to introduce, earn, involve, or carry someone or something inside

broom up
C1

To sweep or clean an area using a broom.

brown out
B2

A partial reduction in electrical power causing lights to dim and appliances to work poorly, or (military) a partial blackout of lights for

brush back
B2

To sweep hair backwards away from the face; or (baseball) to throw a pitch that forces a batter to move away from the plate.

brush down
B1

To clean or groom something by brushing it downward, typically clothing or an animal's coat.

brush off
B1

To dismiss someone or something in a curt, dismissive way, or to remove something from a surface by brushing.

brush out
B1

To remove something by brushing, or to untangle and smooth hair using a brush.

buff down
B2

To smooth or reduce a surface by buffing it with an abrasive or polishing tool.

buff out
B1

To remove a scratch, mark, or dent from a surface by polishing or rubbing it with a buffing tool.

buff up
B1

To polish something to make it shine, or to develop a noticeably muscular physique.

bug in
C1

To remain in one's home or location during an emergency rather than evacuating (survivalist/military jargon).

bulk out
B2

To add extra material to something to make it larger, more substantial, or longer.

bull up
C1

To polish military kit, equipment, or shoes to a high shine (British military slang).

bunch in
C1

To gather or compress into a tight group within a space.

bunch up
B1

To gather into folds or a mass, or for people to crowd together.

bundle together
B1

To collect several things and tie or wrap them together, or to combine items into one package or group.

bung on
B2

Chiefly Australian: to casually place something somewhere, or to stage/organise an event.

bung out
C1

Informal, chiefly Australian: to throw away or discard something, or to eject someone.

bung up
B2

To block or obstruct something, especially a hole, pipe, or passage; also used for a nose blocked with mucus.

bunk down
B2

To settle down to sleep somewhere, especially in a temporary or improvised location.

bunk in
B2

To share a room or sleeping space with someone, usually on a temporary or informal basis.

bunk together
B2

To share a sleeping space or room with one or more other people.

bunker out
C1

To shelter or hide in a secure location, especially to avoid danger or difficulty.

bunker up
C1

To take shelter or prepare defensively, especially in anticipation of a threat or difficult period.

burn away
B2

To continue burning steadily until completely consumed, or to remove something by burning.

burn down
A2

To destroy a building or structure completely by fire, or to burn until nothing is left.

burn in
B2

To permanently mark a surface by burning, or (of a screen image) to become permanently fixed after prolonged display.

burn off
B1

To remove something by burning, or to use up energy or calories through physical activity.

burn through
B2

To use up a supply very quickly, or to penetrate a material by burning.

bust around
C1

(Informal American) To move about quickly and busily, getting things done.

busy around
C1

To move about busily doing various tasks; to keep occupied with activity.

button through
C1

Describes a garment (especially a dress or skirt) that has a row of buttons running all the way down the front from top to bottom.

button up
B1

To fasten the buttons on a garment; also (informal) to stop talking or keep something secret.

buzz in
A2

To allow someone to enter a building by pressing an electronic button that releases a door lock.

cable up
B1

To connect equipment, a building, or a system using cables.

cake up
C1

To become coated with or covered in a thick, hardened layer of a substance.

call round
B1

British English: to visit someone at their home, usually briefly; or to phone a number of people in turn.

cap up
C1

To put a cap or cover on something, or (in typography) to convert text to capital letters.

carry out
A2

To perform, execute, or complete a task, plan, duty, or instruction.

carry up
B1

To transport something to a higher level or floor by physically carrying it.

cart away
B2

To remove something in large quantities or bulky items, typically using a vehicle or cart.

carve out
B2

To create, establish, or achieve something for yourself through effort and determination, or to cut out a section from a larger piece.

case up
C1

To enclose or cover something in a case or protective casing.

cast on
B2

In knitting, to create the initial row of stitches on a needle to begin a new piece.

caulk off
C1

To seal gaps, joints, or cracks with caulk (a waterproof filling material) in construction or repair work.

cave out
C1

To create a hollow or cave-like space by digging or eroding material from within.

cement together
B2

To join things (or people) together in a lasting and solid way, either literally with cement or figuratively.

chain up
B2

To restrain a person, animal, or object by fastening it with a chain.

chalk off
B2

To mark something off a list, or to mark out a physical area using chalk.

char up
C1

To blacken or partially burn something so that its surface becomes charred.

check on
A2

To look at or visit someone or something briefly to see if everything is okay.

chink up
C1

To fill or seal the cracks and gaps in a wall, structure, or surface.

chip at
B2

To strike repeatedly at something hard to break off pieces, or to gradually weaken or undermine something.

chisel out
B2

To create or remove something by cutting with a chisel, or to obtain something through persistent effort or cunning.

chisel up
C1

A rare, non-standard expression occasionally used to mean sharpening or shaping something with a chisel, or (slang) to physically tone one's

chop down
A2

To cut down a tree, post, or other tall object using an axe or similar tool.

chop off
B1

To remove something by cutting it with a sharp, forceful stroke

chop out
C1

To remove something from a larger whole by chopping, or to clear a space by cutting

chop up
A2

To cut something into many smaller pieces

chuck away
B1

To throw something away or discard it, often carelessly or wastefully

chuck out
B1

To throw something away or force someone to leave a place

clamp off
C1

To stop the flow of a liquid or gas through a tube or vessel by applying a clamp

clap on
B2

To put or fasten something onto something else quickly and decisively.

clap together
C1

To assemble or put something together quickly and carelessly.

class up
B2

To make something or someone more elegant, sophisticated, or impressive.

clay up
C1

To cover, seal, or treat something with clay.

clean down
B1

To clean a surface thoroughly, typically from top to bottom.

clean off
A2

To remove dirt, marks, or unwanted substances from a surface.

clean out
A2

To thoroughly remove all contents from a place and clean it; also to take all of someone's money or possessions.

clean up
A2

To make a place clean and tidy after a mess; also to make a large profit, or to reform one's behavior.

clean up after
A2

To clean the mess left behind by another person or animal.

clear away
A2

To remove objects from a surface or area to make it tidy and clear.

clear off
B1

To go away or leave a place, often used as a rude command; also to remove everything from a surface.

clear out
A2

To remove all unwanted items from a place; or to leave a place quickly.

clear up
A2

To make a place tidy; or to resolve a misunderstanding or problem; or (of weather or illness) to improve.

clog up
B1

To block something gradually with an accumulation of material, making it unable to flow or function properly.

close off
B2

To block or restrict access to an area or thing, or to eliminate a possibility.

close up
B1

To close a building, shop, or wound completely; to move closer together; or to become uncommunicative.

clump up
B2

To form or gather into a dense mass or clump; or to cause things to stick together into lumps.

clutter up
B1

To fill a space with too many unnecessary or untidy objects, making it difficult to use.

cobble together
B2

To assemble or produce something quickly and roughly, using whatever materials or ideas are available.

cobble up
C1

A less common variant of 'cobble together'; to assemble something quickly and imperfectly.

coil up
B1

To wind or twist something into a series of loops, or (of a creature or object) to arrange itself in a spiral shape.

collect up
A2

To gather together a number of items that are spread around and bring them to one place.

come apart
B1

To separate into pieces; to break or disassemble; or to lose emotional composure.

come in
A2

to enter, arrive, become involved, or be received

come on in
A2

used to invite someone to enter

come on over
A2

used to invite someone to visit, especially your home

connect up
B1

To join or link things together, especially electrically or mechanically, to form a complete system.

coop in
C1

A rare variant of 'coop up' meaning to confine or shut someone or something into a restricted space.

coop up
B2

To confine a person or animal in a small or restricted space, often causing frustration or restlessness.

corbel out
C1

An architectural/construction term: to build or project a structure outward from a wall, supported by corbels (stone or wooden brackets).

cork up
B2

To seal something with a cork or stopper; figuratively, to suppress emotions, stop someone speaking, or keep something bottled up inside.

cosy up
B2

To make oneself warm and comfortable, typically by curling up or moving close to something or someone.

cover up
B1

To conceal something, especially wrongdoing or mistakes, or to place something over an object to hide it.

cozy up
B2

To settle into a warm, comfortable position, or to make oneself at home somewhere.

crack off
C1

To break or detach a piece from something by cracking it.

cram together
B1

To force people or things into a very small space so they are tightly packed.

crash in
B1

To sleep at someone's home informally and without prior arrangement; or to enter a place suddenly and forcefully.

crumb down
C1

In a restaurant or formal dining context, to clean a table by removing crumbs with a special tool or cloth between courses.

crumb up
C1

To coat food with breadcrumbs; or to become covered with or fill with crumbs.

crumble up
B1

To break or cause to break completely into small dry fragments or crumbs.

crumple up
B1

To crush something flexible, such as paper or fabric, into an irregular, wrinkled shape; or for a person to collapse or fall.

crush out
B2

To extinguish something by pressing or squeezing; or to eliminate something completely by crushing it.

cuddle up
A2

To sit or lie very close to someone, wrapping your arms around them for warmth, comfort, or affection.

cuff up
C1

To fold or turn up the cuff of a sleeve or trouser leg.

cure up
C1

To fully harden or solidify through a curing process, as in adhesives, concrete, or rubber.

curl up
A2

To bring your body into a rounded, compact position, or to become bent and shriveled.

curtain off
B2

To separate or conceal a part of a space by hanging a curtain or similar fabric across it.

cut away
B1

To remove something by cutting it; or in film/TV, to switch suddenly to a different shot or scene.

cut into
B1

To make a cut or incision into a surface; or to reduce or take a significant portion from something.

cut on
C1

A regional American expression meaning to turn on or activate a device or light.

cut out
B1

To remove something by cutting; to stop doing something; for an engine or machine to stop working suddenly; or to be naturally suited for so

cut round
B2

To cut along the edge or perimeter of something, following its outline.

dab out
B1

To remove a substance (such as a stain or liquid) by pressing and lifting gently with a cloth or similar material.

dab up
B1

To absorb or collect a small amount of liquid from a surface using gentle dabbing motions.

damp off
B2

Horticulture: (of seedlings) to die from a fungal disease caused by overly damp growing conditions.

dampen off
B2

Horticulture: (of seedlings) to collapse and die due to a fungal infection caused by overly wet or humid conditions.

dark up
B2

Informal/dialectal variant of 'darken up': to become dark, especially of the sky or a space.

dash on
B2

To continue moving quickly forward, or to apply something rapidly to a surface.

deck out
B2

To decorate a place or dress a person in an elaborate or impressive way.

deck over
C1

To build a deck or platform over an area, such as water or a lower level.

deck up
B2

To decorate or dress someone or something up in an impressive or festive way; a variant of 'deck out'.

dicky up
C1

To smarten oneself or something up; to make neat and tidy (dated British dialect).

dig around
B1

To search through things or investigate an area in an unfocused or exploratory way.

dig out
B1

To remove or rescue something or someone from a surrounding mass; or to find and retrieve something after searching.

dig over
B2

To turn over the soil in a garden or plot thoroughly, breaking it up in preparation for planting.

dig round
B2

To search through a place or collection of things in an exploratory way (British English variant of 'dig around').

dim out
B2

To reduce the brightness of lights, especially as a wartime or safety measure; or to become gradually darker.

dine in
A2

To eat a meal at home rather than going to a restaurant.

ding up
B2

To cause minor dents, scratches, or superficial damage to something, especially a vehicle.

dirty down
C1

To deliberately make a costume, set, or prop look dirty, worn, or naturally aged for film, theatre, or photography purposes.

dirty up
B2

To make something or someone dirty, or to become dirty.

dispose of
B1

To get rid of something by discarding, selling, or dealing with it in an appropriate way.

do for
B2

To ruin, destroy, or be sufficient for something; to manage household tasks for someone. (British English)

do it up
B2

To do something in a big, impressive, or celebratory way; to decorate or renovate thoroughly.

do out
B2

To clean or redecorate a room thoroughly; or to cheat someone out of something they are entitled to. (British English)

do up
A2

To fasten clothing or packaging, or to renovate and redecorate a building.

doodie up
C1

A very rare or non-standard variant possibly meaning to dress up or decorate. Not a recognized standard English phrasal verb.

doss down
B2

To sleep in a temporary or improvised place, often on the floor or somewhere basic.

doss out
C1

To sleep rough or in an outdoor or improvised location.

douche down
C1

To clean or rinse something thoroughly with a jet of water.

drain out
A2

To cause liquid to flow out of a container, or for liquid to flow out on its own.

drape off
C1

To separate or cover an area using a piece of fabric or cloth hung loosely.

draw off
C1

To remove liquid from a larger supply, or to divert attention or resources away from something.

draw through
C1

To pull something slowly through a narrow opening or space.

drill out
B2

To remove material from something using a drill, or to enlarge or clear a hole using a drill.

drill through
B1

To make a hole through something by rotating a sharp tool, or to work through something methodically and persistently.

drive in
A2

To enter a place in a vehicle, or to hammer or push something into a surface.

drop by
A2

To make a short, informal, and usually unplanned visit to someone at their home or workplace.

drop in
A2

To make a short, casual, and usually unplanned visit to a person or place.

drop round
A2

To make a brief, informal visit to someone at their home, or to deliver something to someone's house. (British English)

dry off
A2

To make something or someone dry by removing surface moisture, or to become dry after being wet.

dry out
B1

To become completely dry after being wet or moist, or to help someone stop drinking alcohol.

dump out
A2

To quickly empty the contents of a container by tipping or turning it over.

dust down
B2

(Chiefly British) To remove dust from someone or something, or to tidy up something that has not been used for a while.

dust off
B1

To remove dust from something, or to bring something back into use after it has been neglected or unused for a period of time.

dust out
B1

To clean the inside of something by removing dust, typically by wiping, brushing, or blowing.

dyke out
C1

To drain or protect an area of land using dykes or embankments.

dyke up
C1

To build or reinforce a dyke in order to contain or redirect water.

earth up
B2

To pile soil up around the base of a plant to protect it or encourage growth.

eat in
A2

To have a meal at home rather than at a restaurant.

empty out
A2

To remove all the contents from a container or space, or for a place to become completely empty of people.

fall apart
B1

To break into pieces or collapse completely, physically or figuratively.

fall in
B1

To collapse inward, or to form a military line on command.

fancy up
B1

To make something or someone look more attractive, special, or impressive, often by adding decorative touches.

fasten down
B1

To secure something firmly in place so it cannot move or be lifted.

fasten up
A2

To close or secure something, typically clothing, using a fastener such as a button, zip, or buckle.

fence in
B1

To enclose an area or person with a fence, or to restrict someone's freedom or choices.

fence off
B1

To enclose or separate an area using a fence or similar barrier.

fetch in
B1

To go and get something from outside and bring it indoors.

fig out
C1

An archaic term meaning to dress up, adorn, or equip someone or something elaborately.

file away
B2

To store documents or information in an organized system, or to mentally store a piece of information for later use.

file down
B2

To make something smaller, smoother, or sharper by rubbing it with a file.

file off
C1

To remove something by rubbing it with a file, or (of a group) to depart in a single-file line.

fill up
A2

To make a container or space completely full, or to become completely full.

fish down
C1

To guide or push something downward through a narrow or concealed space.

fish out
B1

To retrieve something from inside a bag, pocket, body of water, or other container, often with some searching.

fit into
A2

To go inside a space or category, or to match and belong within a group or system.

fit out
B2

To provide a person, ship, room, or building with all the necessary equipment or furnishings.

fit together
B1

For two or more parts to join or combine correctly, or for ideas to be logically consistent with each other.

fit up
B2

To equip or furnish something; or, in British slang, to falsely incriminate someone.

fix on
B2

To direct attention, gaze, or a decision firmly toward something or someone; or to attach something to a surface.

fix to
B1

To attach or fasten something securely to a surface or object.

fix up
B1

To repair or renovate something; to arrange or organize something for someone; or to arrange for two people to meet romantically.

flake off
B1

For a surface material to break away in small, thin pieces.

flare out
B2

To widen or spread outward, like the shape of a flare; or for a flame or light to spread outward.

flash over
C1

For a fire to suddenly and simultaneously ignite all combustible materials in a space, causing an explosive spread of flames.

flat down
C1

To press or lay something completely flat against a surface.

flatten down
B2

To press or push something so that it becomes flat and stays down.

flatten out
B1

To become or make something flat, level, or to stop increasing or decreasing.

flick off
B1

To turn off a switch, light, or device with a quick, light movement; also to remove something with a flicking motion.

flick over
B1

To quickly change to another television channel or to turn something over with a light motion.

fling out
B2

To throw or push something or someone out forcefully and often with emotion.

flip over
A2

To turn something over quickly to its other side, or to turn completely upside down.

flood out
B1

To force people or animals to leave because of flooding; or for a large volume of something to pour out.

flop down
A2

To sit or lie down heavily and suddenly, especially when exhausted.

fluff out
B2

To make something soft and light expand outward by shaking or spreading it.

fluff up
B1

To shake or pat something soft in order to make it fuller, softer, or more comfortable.

flump down
B2

To drop or sit down heavily and clumsily, often out of exhaustion.

flush out
B1

To clean something by pushing water through it; or to force a person, animal, or information out of hiding.

fly apart
B2

To suddenly break into pieces that scatter in different directions, often violently.

foam up
B2

To produce or fill with foam, bubbles, or froth.

fog up
B1

To become covered in a thin layer of condensation or mist that obscures visibility.

fold away
A2

To fold something into a compact shape and store it out of the way.

fold down
B1

To fold or bend a part of something downward or forward.

fold out
B1

To open or extend something by unfolding it outward from a folded position.

fold up
A2

To fold something into a smaller compact shape; or of a business, to collapse and close.

force in
B2

To push or drive something into a space using force, overcoming resistance.

fort up
C1

To take up a defended position and prepare to resist; to fortify a place.

foster up
C1

To raise or care for a child (or animal) through the foster system until they are grown.

frame in
B2

To enclose or surround something with a frame or structural border; or to include something within the boundaries of a discussion or plan.

frame out
C1

To build the structural frame or skeleton of a construction; or to establish the broad structure of a plan or argument.

frame up
B2

To incriminate an innocent person by fabricating evidence; or to assemble a physical frame structure.

freeze on to
C1

To become stuck to a surface because of freezing cold temperatures.

freeze onto
C1

To become physically stuck to a surface due to freezing temperatures.

freeze to
C1

To become bonded or attached to something as a result of extreme cold.

freshen up
A2

To quickly wash and make yourself or something look and feel cleaner and more presentable.

front on
B2

For a building or structure to face towards or directly onto a street, area, or feature.

frost up
B1

For a surface to become covered with frost or a thin layer of ice.

fur out
C1

A technical construction term meaning to attach strips of wood or metal (furring strips) to a wall, ceiling, or floor to create a level surf

fur up
B2

To become coated with a furry or scaly deposit, especially the inside of a kettle, pipe, or boiler due to mineral build-up from hard water.

furbish up
C1

To clean, polish, or restore something old or worn to a better condition; to renovate or smarten up.

furnish out
C1

An archaic or formal expression meaning to equip or supply a space, ship, or person with everything necessary.

gate off
B2

To close off or restrict access to an area by installing or closing a gate.

gather up
A2

To collect several things from various places and bring them together.

gay up
C1

An archaic or dated expression meaning to make something more lively, colourful, or cheerful.

get rid of
A2

To eliminate, discard, or free yourself from something or someone unwanted

gingerbread up
C1

To decorate something with excessive or showy ornamentation, often in a cheap or tasteless way.

give off
B1

To produce and release a smell, light, heat, radiation, or impression.

glaze up
C1

To apply a glaze or shiny coating to something, such as pottery, pastry, or windows.

glove up
C1

To put on gloves in preparation for a task, fight, or procedure.

go up
A2

To move to a higher position, for a price or level to increase, for a building to be constructed, or for something to catch fire.

gob up
C1

To block or clog something with a sticky or phlegm-like substance.

gold over
C1

To apply a coating of gold or gold-coloured material over a surface.

gook up
C1

To cover, coat, or clog something with a thick, sticky, or messy substance.

grease it on
C1

To apply a greasy or oily substance smoothly onto a surface; informally, to use excessive charm or flattery in a slick way.

grease up
B2

To apply grease, oil, or a lubricant to something or someone; figuratively, to bribe or use money to smooth the way.

green up
B2

To become greener — either literally (plants sprouting) or figuratively (becoming more environmentally friendly).

grind up
B1

To reduce something to small pieces or powder by grinding.

grip off
C1

To remove something by gripping it firmly and pulling it away; used in niche technical or regional contexts.

grub out
C1

To dig up and remove plants, roots, or stumps from the ground by the roots.

grub up
C1

To dig up and clear plants, roots, or stumps from the ground; also informally, food or a meal.

gummy up
C1

To make something sticky, clogged, or inefficient with a gummy substance — a variant of 'gum up'.

gunk up
C1

To make something dirty, sticky, or blocked with a messy substance.

hack about
B2

To cut or alter something in a rough, careless, or clumsy way; also to interfere with something carelessly.

hack away
B1

To keep cutting or striking something forcefully and repeatedly; to persist at a difficult task with energy.

hack off
B2

To cut something off roughly; also (British informal) to annoy or irritate someone.

hack up
B2

To cut or divide something into pieces roughly; also to cough repeatedly or forcefully.

hammer up
B1

To attach or fasten something to a surface by hammering in nails.

hang out
A2

To spend relaxed, informal time with friends or in a place; also to display something by hanging it in the open air.

hang up
A2

To end a phone call; to put something on a hook or hanger; or (figuratively) to stop doing an activity permanently.

haul around
B1

To carry or transport something heavy or bulky from place to place.

haul down
B2

To pull something downward forcefully, especially a flag, sail, or heavy object.

haul out
B1

To pull or drag something out from somewhere, especially with considerable effort.

have in
B1

To invite or arrange for someone to come to your home or workplace, or to keep a supply of something.

have over
B1

To invite someone to visit you at your home.

heap up
B2

To gather or accumulate things into a large, often disorganised pile.

hem up
B1

To fold and sew the bottom edge of a garment to shorten it or neaten its finish.

herd together
B2

To gather or drive people, animals, or things into a single group.

hew down
B2

To cut something down with forceful blows, typically using an axe or similar tool.

hew out
B2

To shape or create something by cutting into a hard material such as rock or wood; also used figuratively to mean creating something through

hide away
B1

To put something in a secret place, or to go somewhere private and secluded.

hike up
B1

To raise something such as prices or clothing sharply or by a large amount.

hive up
C1

To store or accumulate things, or (in beekeeping) to install a swarm of bees into a hive.

hoard out
C1

An archaic or dialectal variant meaning to place someone (typically a child) in the care of another household for lodging.

hoard up
B2

To collect and store large amounts of something, often secretly or excessively.

hoe around
C1

To use a hoe to loosen or weed the soil around plants.

hog up
B2

To take or use too much of something selfishly, leaving little for others.

hold down
B1

To physically keep something in place, to maintain a job, or to prevent something from rising.

hold it down
B2

To successfully manage a situation, responsibility, or place, often in someone's absence or under difficult circumstances.

hold together
B1

To remain united, intact, or coherent, or to cause something to stay that way

hold up
A2

To support something physically, to delay, to endure, or to rob someone at gunpoint

hole up
B2

To hide or take shelter in a place, often for safety, to avoid someone, or to be alone

hollow out
B2

To remove the inside of something to make it empty, or to gradually weaken or empty something of its substance

hook off
C1

To remove or detach something from a hook or similar fastening

hook up on
C1

To become caught on or obsessively focused on something; to snag on a physical obstacle

hoover up
B2

To absorb, consume, or collect a large amount of something very quickly and thoroughly

hose down
B1

To wash or drench something thoroughly using a hose or strong jet of water.

hose off
B1

To remove dirt, mud, or other substances from a surface using a hose or jet of water.

hunker down
B2

To settle in firmly to wait out a difficult situation, or to crouch low for shelter; also, to apply oneself seriously to a task.

hutch up
C1

To squeeze or crowd into a small or confined space; to huddle together.

jazz up
B2

To make something more attractive, lively, stylish, or exciting.

jew up
C1

A rare offensive expression with antisemitic associations, sometimes used to mean dress up or decorate.

jim up
C1

A rare variant of 'jimmy up'; to force something open using a lever or tool.

jimmy up
C1

To force something open or into place using a jimmy (a crowbar-like tool) or similar leverage.

jumble together
B2

To put different things together in a disorganized or confused way.

jumble up
B1

To put things or ideas into a disordered, confused state.

jut out
B2

To extend outward from a surface in a sharp or prominent way.

keep around
B1

To retain something or keep someone nearby, often out of habit or convenience.

keep in
B1

To prevent someone from leaving, to retain something, or to maintain contact with someone.

keep off
A2

To not step on, touch, or start something; or to prevent rain or other elements from penetrating.

keep out
A2

To not enter a place, or to prevent someone or something from entering.

kick about
B1

To discuss ideas informally without reaching a conclusion; to be left lying around unused; or to be present somewhere without a clear purpos

kick around
B1

To discuss ideas casually; to wander without purpose; to treat someone badly; or to be lying around unused.

kick down
B1

To destroy or break something open by kicking it; also used figuratively to mean to remove obstacles aggressively.

kick over
B1

To cause something to fall by kicking it; also (of an engine) to turn over and start.

kink out
C1

To remove a kink, twist, or bend from something flexible such as a hose, cable, or hair.

kip down
B2

To settle down to sleep, especially in a temporary or informal location.

kip in
B2

(British informal) To stay in bed longer than usual, or to sleep indoors rather than outside.

kip out
B2

(British informal) To sleep outside or away from one's own home, often in informal or improvised conditions.

kit out
B1

To provide someone or something with all the necessary equipment, clothing, or gear.

klunk out
C1

To stop working suddenly, typically said of a machine or engine.

knit together
B2

To unite or join things or people closely and firmly, or for bones and wounds to heal and fuse.

knit up
B2

To complete a piece of knitting, or for a wound or injury to heal closed.

knock down
A2

To cause something or someone to fall to the ground, to demolish a building, or to reduce a price.

knock in
B1

To drive something into a surface or a position by hitting it, or to score in certain sports.

knock on
A2

To strike a door or surface with the knuckles to signal your presence or to gain entry.

knock together
B1

To build or assemble something quickly and roughly, often with basic materials.

knock up
B1

A versatile phrasal verb with distinct British and North American meanings, including waking someone, making something quickly, or (informal

knot off
C1

To secure the end of a thread, rope, or similar material by tying a knot, typically to finish a piece of work.

lace up
A2

To fasten something (typically shoes, boots, or a corset) by threading and tying a lace through a series of holes or hooks.

lash together
B2

To bind or join two or more things together tightly using rope, cord, or straps.

lash up
C1

To construct something quickly and roughly, or to tie something up securely with rope; also a noun ('a lash-up') meaning a rough, improvised

lay down
B1

To place something flat, to establish rules or principles, or (informal) to recline.

lay down on
B1

To recline or rest one's body on a surface.

lay in
B2

To buy and store a supply of something in advance, especially food or fuel.

lay out
B1

To arrange or display things in an organised way, to explain something clearly, or to knock someone unconscious.

laze about
B1

To spend time relaxing and doing nothing in particular, often in a way that seems lazy or unproductive.

laze around
B1

To relax and do nothing useful for a period of time.

lease out
B2

To grant the use of property, land, or equipment to someone else in exchange for payment under a formal agreement.

leave on
A2

To allow a device, light, or appliance to remain in its active or switched-on state.

leave over
B1

To allow something to remain unused or undone, so that it is available later.

lengthen down
C1

To make something longer by extending it in a downward direction, particularly clothing.

lengthen out
B2

To gradually become longer or to make something longer over time.

lengthen up
C1

To grow or extend upward, or to make something taller or longer in the upward direction.

let in
A2

To allow someone or something to enter a place, or to allow light, water, or air to pass through.

let out
A2

To allow someone or something to exit, to make a sound suddenly, or to expand clothing at the seams.

lie around
B1

To rest idly in a relaxed position; or for objects to be left untidily in various places.

lie by
C1

To be kept in reserve or set aside without being used; also (archaic) to rest or stop work.

lift down
B1

To use physical effort to move or carry something from a higher position to a lower one.

light up
B1

To illuminate, to make someone's face show happiness, or to begin smoking a cigarette.

line off
B2

To separate or mark off a section or area with a drawn or painted line.

live in
A2

To reside permanently in a place, or to work and sleep at the same place of employment.

live together
A2

To share the same home, especially as a romantic couple without being married.

live with
B1

To share your home with someone, or to accept and continue to endure a difficult situation.

lock away
B1

To secure something in a locked place, or to imprison someone for a long time.

lock in
B1

To secure a rate, agreement, or person in a fixed position, removing the possibility of change, or to confine someone inside a locked space.

lock off
C1

To seal or restrict access to an area by locking barriers or controls.

lock out
B1

To prevent someone from entering a building or system by locking the door or access point, or (in labour relations) to prevent workers from

lock under
C1

Not a standard established phrasal verb in modern English; may appear in specialised or dialectal contexts to mean securing something beneat

lock up
A2

To secure a building by locking all doors and windows, or to put someone in jail.

loll about
B2

To relax or rest in a lazy, physically limp way without doing anything in particular.

loll around
B2

To relax lazily in a limp or sprawled posture without any particular purpose.

look after
A2

To take care of someone or something, making sure they are safe and have everything they need.

look in
B2

To make a short, informal visit to a place or person, often to check on them.

look in on
B1

To make a brief visit to a person to check on their wellbeing or to see how they are doing.

look round
A2

To turn and look in different directions, or to casually explore a place.

loop off
C1

To remove something by cutting it with a looping or circular motion.

loop up
C1

To fold and secure something (such as a curtain, rope, or hair) upward by forming a loop.

loose up
C1

A non-standard or dialectal variant of 'loosen up' — to make something less tight or rigid, or to relax.

lop down
C1

To fell a tree or tall plant by cutting through it.

lop off
B2

To remove a part of something — typically a branch, limb, or chunk — with a single heavy cut.

lube up
B2

To apply lubricant to something or someone to reduce friction or ease movement.

lug in
B1

To carry something heavy or bulky indoors or into a space with considerable effort.

lug out
B1

To carry something heavy or bulky out of a place with considerable physical effort.

lump up
B2

To form into lumps or lumpy masses; or to cause something to become lumpy or uneven.

lush up
C1

To make something more lush, rich, luxurious, or visually appealing; also (slang) to become drunk.

make down
C1

To prepare a makeshift or temporary bed or sleeping place, usually on the floor or a sofa.

make out of
A2

To create or construct something using a particular material or set of available resources.

make over
B1

To completely transform the appearance or style of a person or place; or (formal/legal) to transfer ownership of property.

mark off
B1

To check off items on a list as they are completed; or to separate or indicate an area by drawing lines or placing markers.

mark out
B2

To identify someone as having special qualities that distinguish them; or to draw lines on a surface to indicate where something should go.

mask off
B2

To cover an area with tape or a protective material so that it is not affected by paint, chemicals, or other treatments.

measure off
B1

To measure and mark a specific length, distance, or portion of something.

measure out
A2

To take a precise, specific quantity of something, usually using a measuring tool.

measure up
B1

To meet a required standard or level of quality; or literally to take the measurements of something.

mew up
C1

To confine or shut a person or animal in a small, enclosed space.

microwave up
B2

To heat food or drink quickly using a microwave oven.

mist up
B1

To become covered with condensation or moisture, causing a surface to become unclear.

modern up
B2

To make something more contemporary or up-to-date in style, technology, or approach.

mop down
B1

To clean a surface thoroughly using a mop, usually working downward or across the entire surface.

mop up
B1

To absorb or remove liquid by wiping; to deal with remaining problems, enemies, or tasks after the main action is complete.

move away
A2

To leave a place where you have been living and go to live somewhere else; also to change direction away from something.

move back
A2

To return to a previous position or place of residence; to postpone something to a later time; or to move in a backward direction.

move in
A2

To start living in a new home or place; also to move closer to something or someone, especially in order to take action.

move into
A2

To begin living in a new home; to start operating in a new area, sector, or field.

move out
A2

To leave a place where you have been living and go to live somewhere else.

muck in
B2

To join others and willingly share in work or unpleasant tasks without complaining.

muck out
B2

To clean out an animal's living area by removing waste and old bedding.

muss up
B2

To make hair, clothing, or a tidy space dishevelled and untidy.

nest together
B2

To fit neatly inside or around each other in layers, like stacking cups or bowls.

nicen up
C1

Informal, chiefly British expression meaning to make something or someone more pleasant, attractive, or agreeable.

office up
C1

To establish, equip, or furnish a space for use as an office; to set up office facilities.

open out
B1

To unfold, expand, or widen into a larger shape or space; or to become more communicative and relaxed.

order in
A2

To order food from a restaurant or delivery service to be brought to your home or workplace.

order out
A2

To order food from a restaurant or delivery service rather than cooking at home; chiefly North American.

pace off
B2

To measure a distance by counting the number of steps (paces) taken while walking.

pace out
B2

To measure a distance or area by walking across it and counting paces; or to walk back and forth anxiously.

pack away
A2

To put things into a container or storage space, especially by folding or arranging them neatly.

pack up
A2

To put all your things into bags or boxes ready to leave, or (of a machine) to stop working.

paint down
B2

To apply paint in a downward direction, or to paint a surface from top to bottom.

paint out
B2

To cover something completely with paint so that it can no longer be seen.

paint over
A2

To apply a new layer of paint on top of an existing surface, often to change colour or hide something.

paint up
B2

To decorate or improve the appearance of something by painting it; to apply make-up heavily.

parcel up
B1

To wrap and pack something into a parcel ready for sending or storing.

patch together
B2

To create or assemble something quickly from whatever materials or resources are available, resulting in something improvised or rough.

patch up
B2

to repair something damaged or to restore peace after a disagreement

pattern up
C1

to form or arrange into a pattern

paw at
B2

to touch or handle something repeatedly in a rough or clumsy way

paw up
C1

to make something dirty, marked, or untidy by touching it with hands or paws

peg back
C1

to fasten something back with a peg or clip

peg down
C1

to fasten something to the ground with pegs

peg out
C1

to fasten something with pegs, mark an area with pegs, or die in slang use

pen in
B2

to confine someone or something in a small enclosed space

pen up
B1

To confine a person or animal in an enclosed space, or to suppress feelings.

pick through
B2

To search carefully through a collection of things, especially one that is disordered or mixed, to find something specific.

piece out
C1

to complete, extend, or make something sufficient by adding extra parts

piece up
C1

to put together from pieces or repair by joining parts

pimp out
C1

to decorate or customize something in a flashy, attention-getting way

pin back
B2

to fasten something back with a pin so it stays away from the face or from where it hangs

pin on
B2

to fasten something with a pin, or to place blame or responsibility on someone

pin up
B1

to attach something to a wall or surface with pins

pipe in
C1

to bring something in through pipes, or to suddenly add a comment in conversation

pitch in
B1

To join in and help with a task or contribute to a shared effort.

pitch out
C1

To throw or discard something, or to remove someone forcibly.

pitch up
B2

To arrive, especially unexpectedly or without much formality; also to erect or set up a tent or camp.

plank up
C1

To cover or seal something (such as a window or door) with planks of wood.

plant out
B2

To transfer young plants or seedlings from pots or trays into outdoor ground or garden beds.

plop down
B1

To sit or fall down heavily and suddenly, or to place something down carelessly.

plow up
B2

To break up and turn over land with a plow, or to churn up a surface through repeated heavy movement

pluck out
B1

To remove something by pulling it sharply with the fingers or a tool

plug in
A2

To connect an electrical device to a power supply or to another device by inserting a plug

plug out
B1

To remove an electrical plug from a socket; to disconnect a device from its power supply

plug up
B1

To block or seal a hole, gap, or opening to prevent something from flowing through

plumber up
C1

To arrange for a plumber to do work, or (rarely) to install plumbing in a building

plump down
B2

To sit or place something down suddenly and heavily

plump up
B2

To make something soft fuller and rounder, or to become fuller and rounder

poke about
B2

To explore or search a place or situation casually, often out of curiosity

poke around
B1

To explore or search a place or situation casually, often out of curiosity or to find information

poke out
B1

To extend or project out from a surface or container, or to push something outward through an opening

police up
C1

To clean up or tidy an area by collecting litter and debris, especially in a military or institutional context

pooch out
C1

To bulge or protrude outward in a soft, rounded way.

portion off
C1

To separate or allocate a part of something from the whole, especially a share of money, land, or resources.

posh up
C1

To make something or someone more elegant, luxurious, or upper-class in appearance.

pot on
B2

To move a plant from a smaller pot into a larger one so it has more room to grow.

pot out
C1

To plant seedlings or cuttings out of a main container into individual pots or into open ground.

pot up
B2

To plant a seedling, cutting, or bulb into a pot for the first time.

potter about
B2

To spend time in a relaxed way doing small, undemanding tasks without any clear plan or urgency.

potter around
B2

To move around a place in a relaxed and unhurried way, doing small tasks or just exploring.

press down
B1

To apply steady downward pressure on something.

press out
B2

To remove wrinkles or creases by applying pressure, or to extract something by pressing.

pretty up
B2

To make something or someone more attractive, often by adding decorative touches.

prick out
C1

to separate and replant young seedlings, or to mark a design with small holes

prop up
B2

to support something physically or keep it from failing

puddle up
C1

to collect or spread into a small pool of liquid

pull down
B1

to bring something lower, demolish it, or reduce its level

pull on
A2

To dress oneself by pulling a garment on, or to pull at something repeatedly.

pump out
B1

To produce or emit something in large quantities, or to remove liquid using a pump.

punch out
B1

To record the end of one's workday, to hit someone, or to cut a shape out of material.

push together
A2

To move two or more things or people into contact with each other by pushing.

put away
A2

To return something to its proper storage place; also to eat or drink large amounts, send someone to prison, or save money.

put back
A2

To return something to its original place, or to reschedule something to a later time.

put out
A2

To extinguish a flame or light; to publish or release something; to cause someone inconvenience or annoyance; to dislocate a body part.

put together
A2

To assemble parts into a whole; to prepare or create something by combining elements; to collect and organize.

put up
A2

To erect or display something; to provide accommodation for someone; to provide money; to offer resistance; to nominate someone for a positi

putter about
B2

To spend time doing small, unimportant tasks in a leisurely and unhurried way.

putter around
B2

To spend time doing small, casual tasks in a relaxed, unhurried way.

rag off
C1

To clean or wipe something by using a rag; or, rarely, a variant of 'rag on' meaning to tease or berate someone.

rail out
C1

To protest or complain angrily and at length; or, in a physical sense, to enclose or separate an area using rails.

rake off
B2

To remove something with a rake, or to take an illegal or dishonest percentage of money from a deal.

rake out
B2

To clear out ashes, debris, or other material by raking; or to search through something thoroughly.

rake up
B1

To gather leaves with a rake; or to revive unpleasant memories, scandals, or events from the past.

rap at
B1

To knock sharply and quickly on a door, window, or surface.

rat through
C1

To search quickly and untidily through something; a rare and informal expression.

rattle about
B1

To make a rattling noise while moving loosely in a container; or (of a person) to live or move around in a space that is too large.

rattle around
B1

To make a rattling noise while moving loosely inside a container; or to live or move in a space that is far too large.

ravel out
C1

To disentangle or unwind threads, or to clarify and untangle something complex.

red up
C1

to tidy or put a place in order in regional dialect use

redd up
C1

to tidy or clean a place, especially in Scottish and northern dialect use

refiddle with
C1

to fiddle with something again; to make further small adjustments

rent out
B1

to allow someone to use property or something you own in return for payment

rid out
C1

To clear a place of unwanted things or people; a dialectal/regional form of 'rid'.

rid up
C1

To tidy or clean up a room or space; a dialectal variant of 'tidy up'.

rig up
B2

To construct or assemble something quickly or with improvised materials.

rinse down
B1

To wash something downward with a flow of water, or to drink liquid to push food or medicine down the throat.

rinse off
A2

To remove dirt, soap, or another substance from the surface of something using water.

rinse out
A2

To clean the inside of a container or fabric by filling or running water through it to remove soap, residue, or dirt.

rip down
B1

To remove something from a wall or surface quickly and forcefully, or to demolish something.

rip out
B1

To remove something from its place by tearing or pulling with great force.

roast up
B1

To cook something by roasting until it is fully done and ready to eat.

roll down
A2

To move downward by rolling, or to lower something by unrolling it.

roll up
B1

To wrap or curl something into a cylindrical shape; to arrive somewhere (informally); or to gather at a place.

roof over
C1

To build a roof over an open or exposed space.

room in
B2

To accommodate someone by sharing a room or living space with them, or to keep a newborn baby in the same room as its mother.

root about
B1

To search through a place or collection of things by moving things around energetically, like an animal digging.

root around
B1

To search through something by moving things around, like an animal using its snout.

root up
B2

To pull a plant or tree up from the ground completely, removing it by its roots.

rope off
B2

To enclose or separate an area using a rope or similar barrier to keep people in or out.

rot away
B1

To decompose or decay completely and slowly over time.

rot off
B2

To become detached from something as a result of rotting or decay.

rot through
C1

To decay so severely that a hole appears or structural integrity is completely lost.

roughen up
B2

To make a surface or texture more coarse, uneven, or rough.

rub away
B1

To remove something by rubbing continuously, or to gradually disappear as a result of rubbing.

rub down
B1

To dry, massage, clean, or smooth something by rubbing vigorously.

rub in
B1

To apply a substance to a surface by rubbing so that it is absorbed or incorporated.

rub off
B1

To be removed from a surface by rubbing, or to be transferred to another surface by contact.

rub out
B1

To remove a mark or writing by rubbing with an eraser; also criminal slang for killing someone.

rub up
B2

To polish or clean something by rubbing, or informally to revise or refresh one's knowledge of something.

ruck up
C1

to form folds or become gathered up in wrinkles

ruffle up
B2

to make hair, feathers, or cloth stand up or look untidy

rumple up
B2

to make something wrinkled, creased, or untidy

run up
B1

To accumulate a debt or bill, to sew something quickly, or to raise a flag

rust off
C1

For a part or coating to detach from a surface because rust has corroded it

rust out
C1

To become so corroded by rust that something is weakened or destroyed, or (figuratively) to become mentally or physically stagnant through i

rust through
B2

To corrode completely through a material due to rust, leaving a hole or gap.

sand down
B1

To make a surface smooth by rubbing it with sandpaper or a sanding tool.

sand off
B2

To remove something (such as paint, a rough edge, or rust) from a surface using sandpaper.

saw off
B1

To remove something by cutting it with a saw.

scale off
B2

To fall away in flakes or scales, or to remove something in flaky pieces.

scoop in
B1

To gather or draw something into a container or area using a scooping motion.

scoop up
A2

To lift or gather something using a scooping motion, or to acquire something eagerly.

scorch up
C1

To dry out, wither, or burn on the surface due to intense heat.

scour down
B2

To clean a surface vigorously by scrubbing it with an abrasive material from top to bottom.

scour out
B2

To clean the inside of something thoroughly by scrubbing hard, or (of water/erosion) to hollow out a cavity.

scrape down
B2

To clean or clear a surface thoroughly by scraping it from top to bottom.

scrape off
B1

To remove something from a surface by scraping it with a hard or sharp tool.

scratch up
B2

To gather or collect something, especially money, with difficulty; also to damage a surface by scratching.

screw back
B2

To reattach or replace something by screwing it back into its original position.

screw off
B2

To remove something by unscrewing it; also used as a rude way to tell someone to go away.

scrub down
B1

To clean a surface or object thoroughly by scrubbing it vigorously

scrub out
B2

To remove something by scrubbing vigorously, or to clean the inside of something thoroughly

scuff up
B2

To damage a surface by scraping or rubbing, leaving marks or dulling the finish

scuzz up
C1

To make something dirty, grimy, or unpleasant-looking; to give something a seedy or undesirable quality

seal in
B2

To enclose something so that it is retained or preserved inside, preventing it from escaping

seal off
B1

To close an area or place completely, preventing access or escape

seal up
B1

To close something completely and securely, making it airtight, watertight, or impossible to open

see after
B1

To take care of or attend to someone or something (chiefly British and Irish dialectal variant of 'look after')

see oneself out
B1

To leave a building or room without needing someone to escort you to the exit.

see out
B2

To escort someone to the exit of a building; or to last or continue until the end of a period or event.

see over
B2

To be shown around a building or property in order to inspect it.

see to
B1

To take care of or attend to a need, task, or person.

see to it
B2

To take personal responsibility for ensuring that something happens or is done.

seed down
C1

To sow an area of land with grass seed or other seed to establish a crop or lawn

sell up
B2

To sell your entire business, property, or possessions — typically to stop operating or to move on to something else.

set up
A2

To prepare, arrange, or establish something so that it is ready to use or function.

set with
C1

To decorate or adorn an object by fixing gems, stones, or ornamental elements into its surface.

settle down
B1

To become calm, or to begin living a stable domestic life.

settle in
B1

To become comfortable and established in a new place, job, or situation.

sew up
B1

To close something by sewing, or figuratively to complete or secure something so thoroughly that nothing is left uncertain.

shack up
B2

To start living with a romantic or sexual partner without being married, or to stay temporarily in a makeshift place.

shade up
C1

A horticultural and agricultural term meaning to provide shade for plants or livestock, or to apply shading to a greenhouse.

shake out
B2

To unfold or spread something by shaking it, or to develop or resolve in a particular way after a period of uncertainty.

shave down
B2

To reduce something gradually and carefully, either physically or in terms of size, cost, or quantity.

shine up
B2

To polish or clean something until it is bright and shiny; or (informal) to curry favour with someone by flattery.

shingle up
C1

To cover a roof or wall with shingles (overlapping flat pieces of wood, slate, or similar material).

shorten down
B1

To reduce the length of something, such as a garment or a piece of writing

shove on
B1

To put on clothing, a device, or media quickly or carelessly; or to push something onto a surface

shovel out
B2

To remove something (often snow, dirt, or money) from a place using a shovel or in a large, effortful way

shovel up
B2

To gather or collect material using a shovel, lifting it upward

shrub out
C1

To remove shrubs or bushes from an area of land.

shrub up
C1

To become overgrown with shrubs or to plant an area with shrubs.

shut in
B1

To confine a person or animal inside a space by closing it; also used as an adjective for someone housebound.

shut off
A2

To stop the flow or supply of something by closing a valve or switch; to isolate oneself or something from outside contact.

sit off
C1

to be placed or seated apart from something else

size down
B2

to reduce something in size, amount, or scale

skunk up
C1

To cause something to smell very bad, as if a skunk has sprayed it.

slap together
B2

To make or assemble something quickly and carelessly, with little attention to quality.

sleep out
B1

To sleep outside, away from one's home, or in the open air rather than indoors.

sleep over
A2

To spend the night at someone else's home as a guest.

slice up
A2

To cut something into slices or portions, or to divide something (abstractly) into sections.

sling one up
C1

To quickly and casually erect, build, or put up something.

sling out
B1

To throw something away or to forcibly remove someone from a place.

sling up
B2

To hang or suspend something quickly by looping or throwing a rope or fabric, or to put a limb in a medical sling.

slob about
C1

To spend time being lazy and doing nothing productive, often in an untidy way

slob around
C1

To behave in a lazy, slovenly way, spending time doing nothing useful

slob out
C1

To relax completely in a lazy, slovenly way for a period of time

sludge out
C1

To remove or expel thick, muddy waste or sediment from a container or system

sluice out
C1

To wash or clean something out using a strong flow of water

slush up
C1

To become or make something wet, slushy, or overly sentimental.

smell up
B1

To fill a space with a strong or unpleasant smell.

smoke up
B2

To fill a place with smoke, or (informal) to smoke marijuana.

smooth down
B1

To stroke or press something downward to make it flat and neat.

smooth out
B1

To remove wrinkles or unevenness from a surface, or to resolve minor difficulties to make something run more easily.

smooth up
C1

To make something smoother or more refined, often by working over its surface or presentation.

snap in
B1

To fit or fasten something into place with a snapping or clicking sound.

snazz up
C1

To make something more attractive, exciting, or stylish, often in a bold or flashy way.

sneck up
C1

A regional British dialectal expression meaning to fasten a latch, or (as an exclamation) to be quiet.

snod up
C1

A rare Scottish and northern English dialectal expression meaning to tidy up or make neat.

snuff out
B2

To extinguish a flame or, figuratively, to abruptly end or destroy something.

snug down
C1

To make oneself or a vessel secure and comfortable, especially in preparation for cold or rough conditions.

snuggle up
A2

To settle into a warm, comfortable position close to someone or something.

soak away
B1

Describes liquid gradually dispersing or being absorbed into the ground or surrounding material.

soap down
B1

To thoroughly cover a person, animal, or object with soap in preparation for washing.

soap off
B1

To remove a substance from a surface by washing it with soap.

soap up
A2

To apply soap to the body or a surface and work it into a lather.

sop up
B2

To absorb or collect a liquid by pressing a piece of bread, cloth, or other absorbent material into it.

sort through
B1

To examine a collection of things methodically, usually in order to organise, classify, or find something specific.

sparkle up
B2

To make something or someone more lively, bright, or visually appealing; to add sparkle or shine.

spiff up
B2

to make someone or something look smarter, cleaner, or more attractive

spill out
B1

to flow, fall, or come out of a place in an uncontrolled way

sponge down
B2

To clean a person, animal, or surface by wiping carefully with a wet sponge

sponge out
B2

To clean the inside of something by removing dirt, liquid, or residue with a sponge

sponge up
B1

To absorb a liquid using a sponge

spread out
A2

To extend over a large area, or to arrange things over a wide surface

spruce up
B1

To make something or someone look cleaner, neater, or more attractive

sprucen up
B1

To make something or someone look cleaner, neater, and more attractive, especially with small improvements

sprunt up
C1

A dialectal or archaic variant of 'spruce up', meaning to make something or someone smarter or tidier

square away
B2

To put something in order, complete it, or deal with it satisfactorily

squeeze into
B1

To fit into a tight space or an item of clothing that is barely large enough

squeeze out
B2

To force liquid or substance out by pressing, or to gradually force someone or something out of a position

squirrel away
B2

To save or store something, especially money or supplies, in a secret or private place for future use

stash away
B1

To hide or store something, especially money or valuables, secretly or for later use

stave in
C1

To crush or smash inward, typically referring to a hull, barrel, or hollow structure that collapses under impact

stay in
A2

To remain at home or inside, rather than going out

stay over
A2

To spend the night at someone else's home or at a different location than one's own home

steam off
C1

To remove something (usually a label or stamp) by applying steam heat, or to release anger/frustration.

steam up
B1

To become covered in condensation or steam, or to make someone very angry or excited.

stick down
B1

To press something down so it stays flat and attached to a surface, or to write something down quickly.

stick on
B1

To attach something to a surface using adhesive, or to put music or a TV programme on to play.

stick together
B1

To remain united and support each other, or to be physically joined by adhesive.

stick up
B1

To protrude upward, to fasten something to a surface, or to rob someone at gunpoint.

stink out
B1

To fill a place with a very unpleasant smell (chiefly British English).

stink up
B1

To fill a place with an unpleasant smell (chiefly American English).

stitch together
B2

To join or assemble things — physically by sewing, or figuratively by combining different elements into a whole.

stock up
A2

To buy or gather a large supply of something, often in preparation for future need.

stop in
A2

To make a brief visit somewhere, or to stay at home instead of going out (British English).

stop out
B2

(British English) To stay out of the house, especially late at night; also used in printing to mean masking part of a surface.

stop up
B1

To block or plug a hole or passage; or (British English, informal) to stay awake late.

store away
A2

To put something in a safe place for future use, especially for longer-term keeping.

store up
B1

To accumulate something over time, either deliberately (supplies) or as a consequence of one's actions (problems, resentment).

stow away
B1

To store something carefully in a space, or to hide on a vehicle to travel without paying.

straighten up
A2

To make your posture upright, to tidy a space, or to improve your behavior.

string on
C1

To thread objects onto a string, or (less commonly) to keep someone deceived with false hopes.

string out
B2

To spread things in a long line, or (slang) to be in a disorientated state from drug use.

string up
B2

To hang something by suspending it with string or rope, or (informal) to hang a person as punishment.

string with
C1

To decorate or furnish something by attaching strings or strung items to it.

strip away
B2

To remove layers, coverings, or non-essential elements to expose what is underneath or essential.

strip off
B1

To remove a layer, covering, or clothing quickly and completely.

stub out
B1

To extinguish a cigarette or similar item by pressing the burning end firmly against a surface.

stuff out
C1

A rare variant meaning to extinguish something (especially a candle or cigarette) by smothering it.

stuff up
B1

To ruin or bungle something (Australian/NZ); or to fill a hole or space by pushing material tightly into it.

stump out
B2

To extinguish a cigarette by pressing it firmly against a surface; a variant of 'stub out'.

suck out
B1

To remove liquid, air, or another substance from a place by using suction.

suds up
B2

To create a soapy lather or foam by mixing soap with water, especially in preparation for washing.

supply up
B2

To gather, obtain, or replenish a stock of supplies in preparation for a future need.

swab down
B2

To clean a surface, deck, or area thoroughly by scrubbing it with a wet mop, cloth, or swab.

swamp out
B2

To clean out a space, vehicle, or enclosure thoroughly, especially by washing or swabbing, often when it has become very dirty or waterlogge

sweater up
B1

An informal, playful phrase meaning to put on a sweater or warm clothing, often used as a light-hearted instruction.

sweep out
A2

To clean a space by sweeping all dirt and debris out of it, or to exit in a confident and dramatic way.

sweep up
A2

To gather and remove dirt, debris, or loose material using a broom, or to scoop someone or something up with a swift motion.

swill down
B2

To drink something in large, rushed amounts, often implying messiness or excess, or to rinse a surface by sloshing water over it.

swill up
C1

To rinse or clean the inside of a container by sloshing liquid around in it.

tack down
B2

To secure something flat to a surface using tacks, staples, or similar small fasteners

tack together
B2

To join two or more pieces loosely or temporarily using small fastenings

tack up
B2

To attach something to a wall or board using tacks or pins; also, to put a saddle and bridle on a horse

tail in
C1

(Construction) To embed the end of a beam, joist, or rafter into a wall or supporting structure

take apart
B1

To disassemble something into its component parts; also, to thoroughly criticize or defeat someone

take care of
A2

To be responsible for someone or something by protecting, managing, or attending to their needs.

take down
B1

To remove something from a higher position; to dismantle a structure; to write something down; or to defeat or overpower someone

take in
B1

To absorb, understand, or include something; to provide accommodation; or to be deceived.

tamp down
C1

To reduce, suppress, or press something down firmly, either physically or figuratively.

tap off
B2

To draw off a portion of liquid or gas from a source, or to check out of a public transport system using a card.

tape off
B2

To mark off an area with tape in order to restrict access or mark boundaries.

tape out
C1

To mark the outline or dimensions of something using tape, or (technical) to complete and send a semiconductor chip design for manufacturing

tape over
B1

To cover or fasten something with tape, or to record new content over an existing recording.

tape up
B1

To fasten, repair, or cover something securely using adhesive tape.

tar out
C1

To fill, coat, or treat something completely with tar, or to remove tar from a surface.

tart up
B2

To make yourself or something look more attractive, often by adding decoration or makeup, with a suggestion of it being overdone or showy.

tat up
C1

To fill or decorate a place with cheap, tacky, or low-quality items.

tear down
B1

To demolish a structure, or to destroy someone's confidence, reputation, or beliefs.

tear off
B1

To remove something by tearing it, or to leave or move somewhere very quickly.

tear out
B1

To remove something by tearing it out from where it is contained or bound.

tear up
B1

To destroy a document or object by ripping it into pieces, or to become tearful and emotional.

thin out
B2

To become less dense, crowded, or concentrated; or to make something less thick or dense.

throw about
B2

To throw something carelessly in various directions; or to use something (such as money or words) freely and without care.

throw away
A2

To dispose of something; or to waste an opportunity, advantage, or resource carelessly.

throw by
C1

An archaic or rare phrasal verb meaning to set something aside, discard it, or put it away.

throw on
B1

To put on clothing quickly and casually; also to add fuel to a fire.

throw out
A2

To discard something, reject an idea, or expel a person.

tidy up
A2

To make a place or thing neat and organized by putting things in their correct positions.

tie back
A2

To fasten or secure something (especially hair or curtains) away from the front using a band, ribbon, or tie.

tie down
B1

To secure something physically with ties, or to restrict someone's freedom of movement or commitment.

tie off
B2

To secure the end of something — such as a thread, tube, or blood vessel — by tying a knot.

tie out
B1

To tether an animal outdoors to a fixed point with a rope or lead, allowing it to move within a limited area.

tie to
B1

To fasten something to a fixed point with a rope or tie; or to connect or make something dependent on something else.

tie up
B1

To bind with rope, to block or occupy something fully, or to finalize remaining details.

tighten down
C1

To fasten or secure something firmly by turning or pressing it downward.

tighten up
B2

To make something physically tighter, or to make rules, security, or performance stricter and more effective.

tinker up
C1

To assemble or improvise something by making small adjustments and repairs, usually in an informal or experimental way.

tip out
B2

To empty a container by tilting or inverting it so the contents fall out.

tip over
A2

To (cause to) fall sideways or overturn from an upright position.

tip up
B2

To tilt something so that one end rises upward, or for a container to be angled upward to pour its contents.

toast up
C1

To heat or brown something thoroughly using dry heat, often a grill, oven, or fire.

tone in
C1

To harmonise or coordinate in colour, shade, or style with something else.

tone with
C1

To coordinate or harmonise in colour, shade, or style with something else.

top off
B1

To add a small amount to something that is nearly full, or to finish something with a final touch.

torch down
C1

To apply flame deliberately downward onto a surface, or to burn something down to the ground using a torch.

torch up
C1

To ignite or light something using a torch or open flame.

tosh up
C1

To smarten up or improve the appearance of something, often superficially.

toss away
B1

To discard or get rid of something carelessly.

toss out
B1

To discard something, reject an idea, or remove someone from a place.

touch up
B1

To make small improvements or repairs to the appearance of something, or informally to inappropriately touch someone.

towel down
B2

to dry or wipe someone or something with a towel

towel off
B1

to dry yourself, someone, or something with a towel

towel up
C1

to wrap, rub, or dry with a towel

tractor out
C1

to pull or remove something using a tractor

trample out
C1

to put out a fire by stepping on it repeatedly

trap in
B2

to keep someone or something enclosed so they cannot get out

trash out
C1

to throw away as trash or leave badly damaged and messy

trick out
B2

To customize, decorate, or modify something, especially a vehicle, to make it look impressive or flashy.

trick up
C1

To dress up or decorate something elaborately; an older, rarer variant of 'trick out'.

trim down
B1

To reduce something in size, quantity, or weight by cutting away the excess.

trim up
B2

To neaten or smarten the appearance of something by cutting or tidying its edges.

tuck away
B1

To put something in a hidden, safe, or out-of-the-way place; also used of places that are remote or hard to find, and informally of eating h

tuck in
A2

To make someone comfortable in bed by pulling the covers around them, or to start eating enthusiastically.

tuck up
B1

To make someone comfortable and snug in bed, or to draw one's legs up into a tucked position.

turf out
B2

To force someone to leave a place or position, often unceremoniously; to throw something away.

turn over
B1

To flip something to the other side, or to transfer control/possession to someone else.

turn under
C1

To fold or plow something downward and beneath a surface.

turn up
B1

To arrive, especially unexpectedly; or to increase the level of something like volume or heat.

ugly up
C1

To make something or someone look ugly or less attractive, either deliberately or accidentally.

use up
A2

To consume or exhaust the entire supply of something so that none is left.

vacuum up
B1

To remove something by vacuuming, or metaphorically to absorb or collect something eagerly and completely.

walk in
A2

To enter a room or building by walking.

walk in on
B1

To accidentally enter a room and discover someone in a private, embarrassing, or unexpected situation.

wall in
C1

To enclose or confine a person, animal, or area by surrounding it with walls.

wall off
C1

To separate one area from another by building a wall or barrier, or to emotionally cut oneself off from others.

wall up
C1

To seal an opening such as a doorway, window, or passage by filling it with bricks or a wall.

wash away
B1

For water or a similar force to remove, destroy, or carry something away completely.

wash down
B1

To clean a large surface by washing it with water, or to swallow food or medicine using a drink.

wash off
A2

To remove a substance from a surface by washing, or for a substance to be removed by washing.

wash out
B1

For rain to cancel an event, for a colour or stain to be removed by washing, or for someone to feel exhausted.

wash up
A2

To wash the dishes after a meal (British English), or to wash one's hands and face (American English), or for something to be carried by wat

wash with
B1

To clean something using a particular substance or implement.

wax down
B2

To apply wax to something to flatten, smooth, or hold it down.

wax on
B2

To apply wax to a surface in an outward motion, or (informal/literary) to speak at length on a subject.

wear away
B2

To gradually remove or destroy something through constant friction, use, or exposure.

wear out
A2

To use something so much that it is damaged or no longer functions, or to make someone extremely tired.

wear through
B2

To make a hole in something, or to penetrate through a material by constant friction or use.

wear up
C1

To wear one's hair arranged upward; or (non-standard) to wear out or use up completely.

wedge up
C1

To fix or secure something firmly in place using a wedge, or to keep something open or closed by wedging it.

weight down
B2

To hold something in place or cause it to sink by placing a heavy object on it.

weld together
B2

To join pieces of metal by melting them together, or to unite people or things into a strong, unified whole.

wet down
B2

To make a surface or object thoroughly wet, usually as a deliberate and practical action.

whip out
B1

To produce or remove something quickly and suddenly from a pocket, bag, or hidden place.

whip together
B2

To create or prepare something quickly by combining available materials or ingredients.

whomp up
C1

To prepare or produce something quickly, especially food; a regional American variant of 'whip up'.

wind off
C1

To unwind or remove material such as thread, rope, or wire from a spool or reel.

window over
C1

To install a window over an opening, or to cover an opening with a window or glazed panel.

wink out
C1

For a light, flame, or other small source to disappear suddenly or go out abruptly.

wipe away
A2

To remove something by wiping; especially to dry tears or eliminate a mark, memory, or emotion.

wipe down
A2

To clean a surface thoroughly by wiping it all over with a cloth or sponge.

wipe off
A2

To remove a substance or mark from a surface by wiping.

wipe up
A2

To remove a spill or liquid by wiping it up with a cloth or paper.

wire in
C1

To connect an electrical component directly and permanently into a circuit or electrical system.

wire off
B2

To enclose, separate, or mark a boundary using wire fencing or barbed wire.

worry back
C1

To manoeuvre or nudge something back into position through persistent, patient effort; or to keep returning to a worry in one's mind.

wrap around
B1

To fold, bend, or extend so as to cover or encircle something; to put one's arms or legs around someone or something.

wrap up
A2

To bring something to a conclusion; to cover something in paper or material; or to dress in warm clothing.

wring out
B1

To twist and squeeze something wet to remove the liquid, or to extract something with great effort.

yank off
B1

To remove something quickly and forcefully with a sharp pulling motion.

yard up
C1

To collect and confine animals, timber, or materials into a yard or enclosed area.

yellow off
C1

To turn yellow and fade or discolor, especially at the edges or surface of something.

yellow out
C1

To become fully or extensively yellow through aging, light exposure, or oxidation.

yellow up
C1

To become increasingly or noticeably yellow, especially through aging or chemical change.

zip down
B1

To open a zipper by pulling it downward, or to travel somewhere very quickly

zip up
A2

To close a zipper by pulling it upward, or to tell someone to stop talking

zipper down
A2

To open a zipper by pulling it downward — the American English equivalent of 'zip down'

zipper up
A2

To close a zipper by pulling it upward — American English informal for 'zip up'

zone off
B1

To officially designate or physically separate an area for a specific purpose