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keep under

B2 neutral separable transitive
In simple words

To hold something under the surface, or to stop a group of people from having any power.

Literal meaning: To hold something physically below a surface.

Meanings

1 B1 neutral

To hold something or someone physically below a surface, such as water.

"He kept the stopper under the water until all the air had escaped from the bottle."

Grammar: separable
2 B2 neutral

(Medical) To keep a patient in a state of general anaesthesia during a surgical procedure.

"The anaesthetist kept the patient under for the duration of the four-hour operation."

Grammar: separable
3 B2 idiomatic neutral

To control or oppress a person or group, preventing them from gaining power or freedom.

"For generations, colonial rule kept the local population under through economic and social restrictions."

Grammar: separable
Usage notes

In a medical context, 'keep someone under' means to maintain a patient under general anaesthesia. Physically, it means to hold something beneath a surface. Figuratively and politically, it means to oppress or suppress a group. Less common than 'keep down' in most contexts.

Commonly used with

anaesthetic control people population water thumb surveillance

Forms

Base
keep under
I/you/we/they
3rd person
keeps under
he/she/it
Past simple
kept under
yesterday
Past participle
kept under
have + pp
-ing form
keeping under
continuous

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Synonyms

suppress oppress control subdue hold under keep down

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