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keep down

B1 neutral separable both
In simple words

To stay low, to stop something from going up or getting bigger, or to be able to eat without being sick.

Literal meaning: To prevent something from rising or moving upward.

Meanings

1 A2 neutral

To stay low physically, especially to avoid being seen or hit.

"The soldiers kept down behind the wall until the shooting stopped."

Grammar: inseparable
2 B1 neutral

To prevent prices, costs, or levels from increasing.

"The new deal with suppliers helped the company keep its production costs down."

Grammar: separable
3 B2 idiomatic neutral

To oppress or prevent a person or group from achieving power, freedom, or advancement.

"For decades, the regime kept the rural population down through poverty and lack of education."

"You've got to keep the people down."

— Roger Waters, 'Pigs (Three Different Ones)', Pink Floyd — 'Animals' album (1977)
Grammar: separable
4 B1 idiomatic informal

(Of food or drink) to stay in the stomach without being vomited up.

"After the surgery she could barely keep any food down for several days."

Grammar: separable
Usage notes

Has a range of meanings: physical (stay low, as in a military context), economic (keep costs/prices down), political (oppressing a group), and digestive (keeping food down when ill). The economic and political senses are particularly common.

Commonly used with

costs prices noise voice food weight head population

Forms

Base
keep down
I/you/we/they
3rd person
keeps down
he/she/it
Past simple
kept down
yesterday
Past participle
kept down
have + pp
-ing form
keeping down
continuous

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Synonyms

suppress hold down reduce lower control oppress

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