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wind up

B1 neutral mixed both
In simple words

To finish in a place or situation, or to make fun of someone, or to close something down.

Literal meaning: To coil a spring tighter — this underlies the senses of tension and activation, while the 'end up' sense is more idiomatic.

Meanings

1 B1 idiomatic neutral

To find yourself in an unexpected or unplanned situation as a result of a process.

"He kept making bad financial decisions and wound up in serious debt."

"You wind up with a certain type of person in your life."

— Nora Ephron, 'I Feel Bad About My Neck', 2006
Grammar: inseparable
2 B1 idiomatic informal

(British English, informal) To tease or irritate someone deliberately, often as a joke.

"Stop winding me up — there's no way the meeting was cancelled."

Grammar: separable
3 B2 formal

To formally close and liquidate a company or organisation.

"The directors voted to wind up the company after years of losses."

Grammar: separable
4 A2 neutral

To raise a car window using a handle or mechanism.

"She wound the window up before the rainstorm hit."

Grammar: separable
Usage notes

One of the most versatile phrasal verbs in English. British English uses 'wind someone up' to mean teasing or annoying; this sense is not standard in American English. Context is essential to determine the correct meaning.

Commonly used with

business company estate window trouble debt

Forms

Base
wind up
I/you/we/they
3rd person
winds up
he/she/it
Past simple
winded up
yesterday
Past participle
winded up
have + pp
-ing form
winding up
continuous

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