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stiffen up

B1 neutral inseparable both
In simple words

When your body becomes hard to move or bend, especially after sitting still or being cold.

Literal meaning: To become more stiff or rigid.

Meanings

1 B1 neutral

For muscles or joints to become painful and difficult to move, typically after inactivity, exercise, or cold.

"After sitting at the desk all day, my back had completely stiffened up."

Grammar: inseparable
2 B2 neutral

To become tense or rigid in posture or manner, often due to nervousness or formality.

"She stiffened up when her boss walked into the room."

Grammar: inseparable
3 C1 idiomatic neutral

For resolve, opposition, or resistance to become stronger and more determined.

"The government's harsh response only stiffened up opposition to the new law."

Grammar: inseparable
Usage notes

Most commonly intransitive, referring to muscles, joints, or the body. Can also be transitive when referring to making something more rigid. Also used figuratively for attitudes or resolve hardening.

Commonly used with

muscles joints neck back posture resolve

Forms

Base
stiffen up
I/you/we/they
3rd person
stiffens up
he/she/it
Past simple
stiffened up
yesterday
Past participle
stiffened up
have + pp
-ing form
stiffening up
continuous

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