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run down

B1 neutral separable both
In simple words

To knock someone over with a car, say bad things about someone, or when a battery stops working

Literal meaning: To run in a downward direction — helps explain the 'depleting' sense but not the criticism sense

Meanings

1 B1 neutral

To hit a person or animal with a vehicle

"The driver ran down a cyclist who had swerved into the road."

"He was run down by a car while crossing the street."

— General reported speech widely used in news journalism (BBC News style)
Grammar: separable
2 B2 idiomatic informal

To criticize someone repeatedly or unfairly; to speak badly about someone

"She's always running down her colleagues behind their backs."

Grammar: separable
3 B1 neutral

To lose power or energy gradually until stopping; to become exhausted or depleted

"If you leave the lights on all night, the car battery will run down."

Grammar: inseparable
4 C1 idiomatic informal

To find someone or something after a search; to track down

"It took the detective weeks to run down the missing witness."

Grammar: separable
Usage notes

The vehicle sense is common in both British and American English. The criticism sense ('don't run me down') is more informal. 'Run-down' as an adjective (a run-down building) is widespread and related.

Commonly used with

battery clock neighbourhood pedestrian list stocks

Forms

Base
run down
I/you/we/they
3rd person
runs down
he/she/it
Past simple
ran down
yesterday
Past participle
run down
have + pp
-ing form
running down
continuous

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