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hold off

B1 neutral separable both
In simple words

To wait before doing something, or to stop someone or something from getting closer or winning.

Literal meaning: To keep something physically held at a distance — partially transparent.

Meanings

1 B1 neutral

To delay taking an action or making a decision, often while waiting for more information or better conditions.

"Let's hold off on signing the contract until the lawyers have reviewed it."

Grammar: inseparable
2 B2 idiomatic neutral

To resist, repel, or keep someone at a distance, especially a competitor, attacker, or challenge.

"The defending champions held off a fierce challenge from the new team to win by one point."

Grammar: separable
3 B1 neutral

(Of rain, bad weather, or an unwanted event) to be delayed or not yet arrive.

"The rain held off long enough for us to finish the outdoor ceremony."

Grammar: inseparable
Usage notes

The 'delay' sense is intransitive ('hold off on making a decision'). The 'resist/defend' sense is transitive ('hold off the challengers'). Both senses are common and widely used. Sports writing frequently uses the 'resist' sense.

Commonly used with

decision announcement attacker rain rivals challenge judgment

Forms

Base
hold off
I/you/we/they
3rd person
holds off
he/she/it
Past simple
held off
yesterday
Past participle
held off
have + pp
-ing form
holding off
continuous

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