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grind down

B2 neutral separable transitive
In simple words

To slowly crush or tire someone out through pressure, or to make something smaller by rubbing it against a hard surface.

Literal meaning: To reduce something to smaller pieces by grinding it downward with pressure.

Meanings

1 B1 neutral

To wear something away physically by grinding or abrasion until it is smaller or smoother.

"He used a file to grind down the sharp edge of the metal bracket."

Grammar: separable
2 B2 idiomatic neutral

To exhaust, demoralize, or weaken someone through relentless pressure, hardship, or oppression.

"Years of poverty and overwork had ground her down until she had almost no energy left to fight."

""The system is designed to grind you down.""

— Commonly attributed paraphrase of George Orwell's themes in '1984' and 'The Road to Wigan Pier'; widely used in political commentary.
Grammar: separable
3 B2 idiomatic neutral

To gradually overcome opposition or resistance through persistent, relentless effort.

"The army slowly ground down the enemy's defenses over several weeks of sustained bombardment."

Grammar: separable
Usage notes

The figurative sense (demoralizing someone) is more common in everyday speech. Often used in political or social commentary to describe oppressive systems. The literal sense refers to physical abrasion.

Commonly used with

opposition resistance workers enemy spirit morale

Forms

Base
grind down
I/you/we/they
3rd person
grinds down
he/she/it
Past simple
grinded down
yesterday
Past participle
grinded down
have + pp
-ing form
grinding down
continuous

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Synonyms

wear down exhaust demoralize crush oppress erode

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