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come across

B1 neutral inseparable both
In simple words

To find something or someone without looking for them; or the way you seem to other people.

Literal meaning: To physically come across something — cross to the other side and encounter it. The impression sense is fully idiomatic.

Meanings

1 B1 idiomatic neutral

To find or encounter something or someone by chance, without specifically looking for them.

"I came across my grandmother's diary while clearing out the attic."

"I came across a photograph of her at a party, laughing."

— Nick Hornby, High Fidelity, 1995
Grammar: inseparable
2 B1 idiomatic neutral

To give a particular impression to others; to seem in a certain way.

"She comes across as very confident in interviews, even when she's nervous."

Grammar: inseparable
3 B2 idiomatic neutral

To be communicated or understood effectively.

"His passion for the subject really came across in his lecture."

Grammar: inseparable
Usage notes

Two very distinct senses: (1) the discovery sense ('I came across an old letter') and (2) the impression sense ('She comes across as confident'). The impression sense is intransitive. Both senses are common and important for ESL learners at B1–B2.

Commonly used with

article letter well badly confident strange reference

Forms

Base
come across
I/you/we/they
3rd person
comes across
he/she/it
Past simple
came across
yesterday
Past participle
come across
have + pp
-ing form
coming across
continuous

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