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break down

A2 neutral mixed both
In simple words

to stop working, fall apart, get very upset, or explain clearly

Meanings

1 A2 neutral

if a machine, vehicle, or system breaks down, it stops working

"Our car broke down on the way to the airport."

"My car broke down. It was not something I planned."

— common public anecdotal usage; exact high-profile source uncertain
Grammar: inseparable
2 B1 idiomatic neutral

to become unable to control your feelings and start crying or become very upset

"She broke down when she heard the news."

Grammar: inseparable
3 B1 idiomatic neutral

to divide something into smaller parts in order to explain, study, or organize it

"Let's break the budget down into monthly costs."

Grammar: separable
4 B2 idiomatic neutral

if discussions, relationships, or systems break down, they fail or collapse

"Negotiations broke down after six hours of talks."

Grammar: inseparable
Usage notes

One of the most common English phrasal verbs. Very frequent in everyday speech, business, science, and emotional contexts.

Commonly used with

car machine door talks data tears

Forms

Base
break down
I/you/we/they
3rd person
breaks down
he/she/it
Past simple
broke down
yesterday
Past participle
broken down
have + pp
-ing form
breaking down
continuous

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Synonyms

stop working collapse analyze separate fail give way

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